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研究生:洪泉旭
研究生(外文):Chyuan-Shiuh Horng
論文名稱:臺灣二葉松林火燒後植群生態之研究
論文名稱(外文):Study on the vegetation ecology of Taiwan red pine forest after wildfire
指導教授:歐辰雄、呂金誠
指導教授(外文):Chern-Hsiung Ou、King-Cherng Lu
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立中興大學
系所名稱:森林學系
學門:農業科學學門
學類:林業學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:1993
畢業學年度:81
語文別:中文
論文頁數:94
中文關鍵詞:火燒二次演替火亞極相
外文關鍵詞:firesecond successionfire subclimax
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:12
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  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:1
臺灣二葉松在臺灣主要分佈於全島海拔700∼3,200公尺之間,常形成純林
狀態,由於其林相組成及乾燥之生育環境,常累積多量易燃物質堆積於林
下,每遇乾季便極易引發火燒,而阻止演替前進之方向,甚或造成演替又
從頭來過。週期性發生的火燒,而使成為典型的火燒亞極相植物社會。研
究惠蓀林場、合歡山、東卯山火燒跡地之土壤化學性質、植被恢復及植群
調查分析結果顯示:1.火燒後土壤之養分,因有機質大量釋回土壤,有
效性磷及交換性陽離子含量增加,土壤pH值提高。然伴隨而來之土壤沖蝕
、植被再度恢復或遭雨水淋溶,pH 值及土壤養分則有下降之趨勢。2.將
出現頻度在 10∼60% 範圍內的植物,計有白臼等28種,除天臺烏藥與山
菅藺、呂宋莢迷與胡枝子、苦懸鉤子與大頭茶,其餘彼此間均不具關聯性
,顯示這些植物在火燒區域均為逢機出現。3.調查東卯山火燒區與對照
區植物社會之歧異度,結果顯示對照區之平均歧異度指數大於火燒區。分
析火燒區與對照區之齡級分佈,在火燒區大部份均為陽性樹種,且呈現演
替初期之更新狀態;而對照區陽性樹種之更新能力則較差,呈鐘型分佈,
陰性樹種則呈反J型分佈,顯示更新狀況良好,整個林分之陽性樹種有被
取代趨勢。4.在火燒區初期常形成禾草類佔優勢的局面,此種現象從低
海拔到高海拔均是如此,而且會在立地上盤據一段相當長的時間,對於火
燒後的水土保持佔一重要之角色,然過度之優勢,則會造成林木之更新困
難,及提高下一次火燒之機率。5.臺灣二葉松可視為火燒適存種之一,
除其生育環境較為乾燥,具有引發下一次火燒的特性外,同時在火燒後排
除其他闊葉樹的入侵,使其能在立地上繼續保持優勢的地位。然火燒後臺
灣二葉松是否能順利成林,得視火燒之強度、季節、面積、頻度及其他生
物因子而定。
The research item of this study includes soil chemical
properties, vegetation recovery and vegetation analysis after
wildfire, which results are summarized as follows:1.A large
amount of nutrients were released to site after fire and the
soil available phosphorus,exchangeable cations and pH value
were increased. But, the following soil erosion, recovery of
vegetation or soil leaching by rain will cause a tendency that
the soil pH value and soil nutrient were decreased at next year.
2.Whithin the frequency of 10%∼60%, 28 kinds of plants are
included, Sapium discolor is one of them. Except Lindera
strychnifolia and Dianella ensifolia, Viburnum luzonicum and
Lespedeza bicolor, Rubus trianthus and Gordonia axillaris,
there is no correlation among these plants, it shows that these
plants occur randomly in fire slash.3.The diversity of the
plant communities was investigated at burned area and control
area of Mt. Tong-Mao, the results shows that the general mean
index of diversity in control area is larger than burned area.
The analysis of age distribution shows that the most plant
species at fire area are intolerant trees, and they show the
regeneration abilities at early succession stage. At control
area, the intolerant trees shows worse regeneration abilities
and its age distribution plot display in Bell-shaped pattern,
on the contrary, the tolerant trees display in replaced J-shape
distribution.4.In early times, graminoids take dominant status
in fire burned. This phenomenon takes an important role in the
soil and water conservation after fire. However, the over-
dominance of this plant will cause the regeneration difficults
and raise the probability of fire next time.5.Taiwan red pine
can be regarded as one of the fire-adapted species. However,
the formation of forest after fire depends on the intensity of
fire, season, area, frequency and other biotic factors.
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