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研究生:劉相識
研究生(外文):Hsiang-Shih Liu
論文名稱:乙醯化木材之尺寸安定性與抗腐朽性能
論文名稱(外文):Dimensional Stability and Decay Resistance of Acetylated Wood
指導教授:廖坤福
指導教授(外文):Kun-Fu Liao
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立中興大學
系所名稱:森林學系
學門:農業科學學門
學類:林業學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:1993
畢業學年度:81
語文別:中文
論文頁數:57
中文關鍵詞:乙醯化醋酸酐重量增加率
外文關鍵詞:acetylationacetic anhydrideweight percent gain
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木材可以注入化學物質,使木材結構中的化學官能基引起化學反應,而產
生化學變性,乙醯化即為化學變性之一。木材之乙醯化是將醋酸酐與木材
反應,反應後醋酸酐之疏水性乙醯基,置換了木材細胞壁上親水性之羥基
,藉以達到尺寸安定之目的。本篇研究是採用台灣雲杉、美國雲杉、蘇聯
雲杉、鐵杉、美國鐵杉、相思樹、木荷、橡膠木等八種試材進行乙醯化,
評估其乙醯化之效果,並測定其尺寸安定性與抗腐朽性能。其主要結果如
下:1.乙醯化反應後是以18%重量增加為試驗基礎,其反應速率以台灣
雲杉、鐵杉、美國鐵杉最高,美國雲杉、蘇聯雲杉、相思樹次之,木荷較
低、橡膠木最低。2.在尺寸安定性方面,八種乙醯化材之徑向抗收縮效
能皆高於77%,弦向抗收縮效能亦皆高於81%,顯示乙醯化後有很高的尺
寸安定性。3.在水分排除能力方面,八種乙醯化材水分排除能力的效果
不顯著,但因乙醯基之疏水性,減低了細胞壁之吸水量,故仍有8%-29%
之水分排除能力。4.在吸濕性方面,八種乙醯化材於40℃、R.H.90%條
件下試驗12天後已不再吸濕,其平衡含水率之範圍在 6.2%-9.0%之間,
比未處理材 15.4%-19.8%範圍之平衡含水率低甚多,顯示乙醯化可大大
地降低木材之吸濕性。5.在抗腐朽性能方面,經過 120天白腐菌試驗後
,八種乙醯化材之重量保存率皆高於92%,比未處理材之56﹣85%高;縱
向抗壓強度保存率亦高於84%,比未處理材僅保存33-77%高。而在120天
褐腐菌試驗後,乙醯化材之重量保存率高於89%,比未處理材43﹣85%高
;縱向抗壓強度保存率皆高於73%,比未處理材僅保存5-22%高出甚多,
尤其針葉樹材更加明顯。

Eight species were used for this experiment:Taiwan spruce ,
White spruce (USA), Elka spruce (USSR), Chinese hemlock,
Western hemlock, Taiwan acacia, Chinese guger-tree, Rubber wood,
to determine the effects of the dimensional stability of
acetylated wood and its decay resistance. The results obtained
by this experiment may be summarized as follow : 1.The anti-
shrinkage efficiency (ASE) in radial direction of eight
acetylated woods were more than 77%, and all of the ASE in
tangential direction of eight acetylated woods were more than
81%. All of the acetylated woods showed higher dimensional
stability. 2.The water excluding efficiency (WEE) of all tested
species were relatively lower in the efficiency. Becaus the
acetyl groups would reduce the water absorption ofcell wall
only, therefore WEE showed the range from 8-29%. 3.The
hygroscopicity related to the Equilibrium moisture con- tent of
eight acetylated woods were 6.2-9.0%, on the con-
traryuntreated woods were 15.4-19.8% at 40℃ 90%R.H. con-
dition for 12 days. The result showed acetylation treatment
couldgreatly reduce the hygroscopicity of wood. 4.The decay
resistance of eight species of acetylated woods related to
residual of weight properties were 92%, while the untreated
woods were 56-85% only for during 120 days white-rot fungi
test. Resdual of compressive strength para- llel to grain (MOR)
of acetylated woods were more than 84% , while the untreated
woods were 33-77% only.The residual weight of eight acetylated
woods were more than 89%, while the untreated woods were
43-85% only for during 120 days brown-rot fungi test. The
resdual MOR of acetylated woods were more than 73%, while the
untreated woods were 5-22% only. Particularly soft woods were
very conspicuous in this test.

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