臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究的目的在於探討條件式推理中所知覺到前後件間的必然性如何影響
推理表現.在前人的研究中,關於必然性的變項是以極端的"有"或"無"予以
區分,並且將其和充分性變項結合在一起操弄,如此,將使得所得到的結果
不容易獲致明確的解釋.Liu,Lo, & Wu(出版中)則提出推理者在進行條件
式推理時,是以"條件機率"的觀點來解釋條件式陳述中前後件間的關係,據
此,在條件式陳述"若 p , 則 q"中,所知覺到的充分性可以條件機率P(
q|p)的形式表達,而所知覺到的必然性則以P(p|q)表示.以此為基礎,實驗
一將不同範圍的P(p|q)之值為依據,區分出知覺到不同程度的必然性之題
目,同時,在每一種必然性下的題目,其所知覺到的充分性控制在中等的程
度.實驗二和三都是欲在減化條件式和完整條件式兩種問題的呈現方式下
觀察必然性變項在各種論證種類中的效果.經由問題的不同呈現方式,可以
說明在條件式推理中兩種不同的推理機制;其中,透過減化條件式的測量,
反映出推理中知識成分之影響,而完整條件式與減從條件式所得到的評估
差異,則反映出前提成分的效果.本研究另外想知道不同的的評量環境,是
否會導致相異的推理表現,因此,實驗二和三兩者所安排的評量方式是不同
的,前者使用機率評估量表,而實驗三則採用有效性量表.本研究的結果顯
示:不論何種問題呈現方式或是何種評量環境下,對於 AC 和 DA 的評估都
會隨著知覺到必然性的由高至低而遞減.

The main purpose of this article was investigate how perceived
necessityin conditional statement affected reasoning
performance. In pervious reasearch, reasearcher usually divided
perceived necessity into "necessity"eirher or "no necessity",
and combined with perceived sufficient, they cannotexplain
clearly. In Liu , Lo, & Wu (in press) supposed subjects
interpret thematic conditionals ("IF p , THEN q .") with
conditional probablity insolving conditional reasoning problems.
So, in "IF p , THEN q.", P(q|p) andP(p|q) expressed perceived
sufficient and necessity. Experiment 1 was accordingP(p|q)
divided necessity into high, medium & low level, and each
necessity itsperceived sufficient was medium level. Experiment 2
and 3 devised reduced and completeconditional for identifying
two component processes that could give rise to theobservabled
to be based on one`s general knowledge, another based on
takingall premises into account. Beside different conditional,
experiment 2 usedprobability rating scales , and experiment 3
used validity evaluation scales.The results of this article
indicated neither conditional form nor ratingscales percentage
of fallacy of AC and DA increased with perceived necessity.