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1992年以前,中共尚未開放百貨零售業予外商投資,國營百貨一直處於獨 大壟斷的局面;1992年06月30日,中共國務院宣布開放外資百貨進駐大陸 市場後,許多外資百貨業者紛紛搶攻大陸市場,掀起百貨市場攻防戰。而 上海市消費總額站全國第一位,其消費購買力之強,使各國百貨業均希望 在上海百貨市場佔有一席之地,使上海百貨業進入激戰的氣氛。在此情況 下,上海原有的國營百貨是採取何種競爭策略以對抗外來之威脅?而新來 的外資百貨又是採取何種競爭策略來突破國營百貨既有的市場?這是本論 文主要研究動機。經本論文研究結果,可得到以下結論:(一)上海之國 營百貨採取低成本專門化策略(二)上海之外資百貨採取差異專門化策略 (三)企業選擇競爭策略時,除了受外部與內部資源之影響外尚受母國之 發展經驗影響。如果上海經濟繼續快速成長,人民之消費行為將更趨成熟 則國營百貨必須改變其策略轉向差異化策略發展,而外資百貨必須拓展其 他的差異化。若上海經濟成長趨於緩慢,人民之消費行為將經常時間才能 趨於成熟,此時國營百貨如能採取嚴格的成本控制,將可繼續採取低成本 策略,而外資百貨則必須改變其目標市場或尋求降低成本之方法,如此才 能適應環境,求得生存。 The two main purposes of this thesis are 1)to compare the differences of competitive strategies between state-owned department stores and foreign- invested department stores in Shanghai,and 2)to find out the factors of the differences in competitive strategies. According to comparetive analysis,this thesis finds the following three conclusions : 1. Shanghai state-owned department stores''competitive strategy is to adopt the cost-focus strategy. 2. The competitive strategy of Shanghai foreign- invested department stores is to use the differ- entiation-focus strategy. 3. The development experiences of each individual home country is one of the main factors in influencing what type of competitive strategies department stores choose to adopt.
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