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研究生:羅憶慧
研究生(外文):Lo, Yih-huey
論文名稱:Lelystad病毒對豬的各種巨噬細胞之影響
論文名稱(外文):Effect of Lelystad virus on various macrophages in pig
指導教授:陳三多
指導教授(外文):San-Duo Chen
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立中興大學
系所名稱:獸醫學系
學門:獸醫學門
學類:獸醫學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:1997
畢業學年度:85
語文別:中文
論文頁數:103
中文關鍵詞:巨噬細胞
外文關鍵詞:Lelystad病毒Lelystad virusmacrophagePRRS
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中文摘要
為了瞭解PRRS病毒的致病機轉,本實驗以力價為105 TCID50
之PRRS病毒,分別接種於3、21、28日齡之無 特定病原仔豬,3
日齡仔豬於攻毒3天後剖檢,21、28 日齡仔豬於攻毒10天後剖
檢,觀察其臨床症狀、肉眼病 變及組織病理學變化,並以穿透式
電子顯微鏡檢查血液中 之單核球、肺臟之巨噬細胞、肝臟之庫氏細
胞、脾臟之網 狀細胞、腎臟之管間細胞、腦之小膠細胞、腸之
Peyer's patch 及肺門淋巴結之巨噬細胞的顯微變化,以瞭解此病毒對豬
的各種巨噬細胞之影響。此外,以病毒分離及免疫染色法 證明病毒
的存在,以細菌分離法證明並無細菌之污染。為 了瞭解PRRS病毒是
否會加重細菌性及病毒性病原之二次 性感染,故於PRRS病毒感染
後,再接種豬假性狂犬病病 毒及沙氏桿菌,觀察其臨床症狀、肉
眼病變、組織病理學 檢查,並與對照組做比較。
實驗結果顯示,接種PRRS病毒之豬隻,並未見到厭 食、沈鬱
、呼吸加速、腹式呼吸等臨床症狀。在肉眼病變 方面,2隻21日齡
豬隻發生多發性漿膜炎,其餘豬隻可 見肺臟某些區域實質化
。21日齡與28日齡接種豬隻均見 到肺門淋巴結出血,其餘臟器未
見到肉眼病變,3日齡豬 隻也未見到肉眼病變。組織切片下,所有
接種豬隻均見到 肺泡壁增厚,實質部有淋巴細胞浸潤,21與28日齡
豬隻 尚可見到肺門淋巴結周邊性出血,於皮質及副皮質廣泛性
出血。發生多發性漿膜炎的豬隻,可見各臟器包括心、肝、 脾、肺、
小腸、腎上腺的漿膜面,有淋巴球及嗜中性球的 浸潤。3日齡豬隻
各有1隻於心外膜及膀胱可見局部出 血。以穿透式電子顯微鏡
觀察肺臟增厚的細胞,發現大多 為微血管及其內的血球,此外,可
見淋巴球浸潤,並有少 量纖維細胞及第二型肺泡上皮細胞增生。
在混合感染實驗方面,PRRS病毒與沙氏桿菌混合 感染時,
其發病率、死亡率及組織病變程度,均無明顯差 異,顯示PRRS病毒
沒有加重沙氏桿菌之二次性感染。而 PRRS病毒與豬假性狂犬病病
毒混合感染時,卻有較高的 發病率及較嚴重的組織病變,顯示
PRRS病毒會加重豬假 性狂犬病病毒之二次性感染。
由以上結果推論,本實驗所使用之PRRS病毒株,對 豬體的傷
害是非常輕微的,對豬隻淋巴系統的傷害,也僅 見到肺門淋巴結出
血,故單純PRRS病毒的感染,只是豬 隻一種輕微的疾病。雖然本
實驗證明PRRS病毒沒有加重 沙氏桿菌之二次性感染,卻也指出
PRRS病毒會加重豬假 性狂犬病病毒之二次性感染,因此PRRS加重
病毒性病原 的二次性感染值得重視。


Abstract
The aim of this study was to understand the
pathogenesis of PRRS virus. Three groups of 3-, 21-, and
28-day-old specific pathogen free pigs were inoculated
intranasally with 105 TCID50 PRRS virus. The 3-day-old
group was sacrificed 3 days later. The 21- and 28-day-old
pigs were sacrificed 10 days later. The clinical signs, gross
and histopathological lesions were observed. The effect of
PRRS virus on the macrophages of various organs, including
monocytes, lung macrophages, Kupffer's cells, spleen
reticular cells, mesangial cells, microglia cells, Peyer's
patch and macrophages in the lung lymph node, were
examined detailedly by electron microscopy. Besides, virus
isolation and immunostaining were performed to prove that
the inoculations were successful. Bacterial contamination
was ruled out by bacterial isolation. In order to understand
whether the PRRS virus can exacerbate secondary infection,
pseudorabies virus and Salmonella cholerasuis were
inoculated after PRRS virus infection and the clinical signs
and pathological lesions were observed.
The results showed that the pigs did not show anorexia,
depression, tachypnea and abdominal respiration after PRRS
virus inoculation. Two 21-day-old pigs developed
polyserositis, and mild consolidation was observed in other
pigs' lungs. Hemorrhage was observed in the lung lymph node
of 21- and 28-day-old pigs. No visible gross lesion was found
in the viscera of 3-day-old pigs. In histopathologic
examination, it was observed in all inoculated pigs that the
alveolar wall was thickened and the lung parenchyma was
infiltrated by lymphocytes. Peripheral hemorrhage in lung
lymph node was found in 21- and 28-day-old pigs. In the pigs
which got polyserositis, the serosa of various organs,
including heart, liver, spleen, lung, intestine and adrenal
gland, were infiltrated by lymphocytes and neutrophils. Two
3-day-old pigs had focal hemorrhage in the epicardium and
urinary bladder respectively. Ultrastructural examination of
the thickened alveolar wall revealed that most cells were
endothelial cells, blood cells, fibroblasts and type II
pneumocytes.
In experiments of dual infection, no difference in the
morbidity, mortality and histopathological lesion was seen
between salmonella-inoculated and salmonella-PRRSV co-
infected pigs. The result indicated that PRRS virus did not
exacerbate the secondary infection of salmonella. However,
dual infection of PRRS virus and pseudorabies virus showed
higher morbidity and more severe histopathological lesion.
According to the results, it could be concluded that
PRRS virus only caused a mild effect on pig's lymphatic
tissues except peripheral hemorrhage was observed in the
lung lymph node. However, PRRS virus did exacerbate the
secondary infection of pseudorabies virus, but didn't
exacerbate the secondary infection of salmonella. Therefore,
it is worth to pay attention about the viral secondary infection
in PRRS virus infected pigs.


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