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The purpose of this study is to explore the nature of aesthetic judgement through IRT and IRS test theories. Analyzing the difficulties of aesthetic judgement and cognitive structure, and comparing the different aesthetic judgement among students in different backgrounds are also identified in this study. The population for the study consists of 462 students in central part of Taiwan who are in 4th and 6th grades. The data was analyzed by IRSP1, ICCNP, and SPSS to determine the structure of cognition and the differences of students in different backgrounds. Major conclusions, based on the findings, were the following: (1) Literature reviews strongly suggest that aesthetic judgement has structure of cognition. (2) Through the comparison of the assumption of test theories, aesthetic judgement can be analyzed by IRT and IRS effectively. (3) The capability of aesthetic judgement consists of various knowledge of visual arts. (4) Aesthetic judgement of every items is independent. (5) Everyone has different capability in the structure of aesthetic judgement especially in expert and novice groups. (6) There are significant differences in aesthetic judgement with different backgrounds. (7) There is a relationship among aesthetic judgement, learning experience, and professional knowledge. The following recommendations for future research are offered: (1) In teaching, using more interaction of aesthetic judgement, introduction of every art collection, individualized instruction, and suitable guidance for students to be more professional are recommended. (2) In measurement of aesthetic judgement, the information of this study are recommended to design for CAT. (3) More items could be added into this questionnaire to understand the copability of aesthetic judgement for future study.
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