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The purpose of the study was aimed at the level of the word recognition for the fitfh graders and the characteistic among the grouq of the weak word recognition. The differences between the variables for the students of the students of the various levels of word recognition were investigated in this research. By means of realizing the relations between the ability of recognizing word and reading comprehension for the children, in advance, the study intended to explore influence of the family surroundings on the ability of word recognition and reading comprehension. There were four focuses in the research: first of all, to realize the levels of word recognition for the fifth graders; second, to analyza the characteristics in the group of the weak word recognition; third, to explore the condition of difference about the family surroundings factors, semantic distinction and the reading comprehension; finally, to discuss the relations among those factors referred above.
The research sampled 16 elementary schools of Tainan County and the City of Kaoshiung. The test materials in the research included: Raven''s Progressive Matrices(SPM), the Grade Chinese Characters Reading test, Reading Co,prehension Test(the fifth grade), Semantic Distinction Test, and Family Surroundings lnventory.
The data were analyzed by Pearson Producet-Moment Correlation, ANOVA, Multiple Stepwise Regression Analysis. The results of the study id as follows:
1.The level of word recognition for the fifth graders in the elementary school:
Most of subvects were in level 2 (229 persons) and the average of the fifth graders was about 68 words and the standard deviation was 20.32 in the Grade Chinese Characters Reading test.
Item Response Theory was used to develop a short form of the Grade Chinese Characters Reading test (levels 3 to 5 included 60 items).
2.The characteristics of the group of the weak word recognition:
The most variance was shown in levels 3 and 4 comparing the weak word recognition group and the group of the non-weak word recognition, but no significant differecnce existed between the city and the country for the ratio of occurrence of the weak word recognition.
A significant difference was found between the group of the weak word recognition and the group of the non-weak word recognition on 「the atmosphere and habits of reading」subscale (f=4.45, p<.05), not on 「the environment of reading」subscale and「the parents caring about children''s academic achievement and their expectationl subscale.
There was significant relationship among the ability of recognizing word, the semantic distincton and the reading comprehension for the group of the weak word recognition (r=30, 31, p<.05); The relations between the ability of recognizing word, the semantic distinction and the reading co,prehension for the group of the weak word recognition was lower than the relations the non-weak word recognition.(Z=2.54, 1.92, p<.5).
3.The differences between various levels of word recognition on the variables of the family surroundings ,the semantic distinction and the reading comprehension:
There were significant differences on 「the atmosphere and habits of reading」,「the parents caring about children''s academic achievement and their expectation 」,「the semantic distinction」and「the reading comprehension」.
4.The analysis of the relationship among the variables of the family surroundings, the semantic distinction and the reading comprehension:
(1).There were significant differences existed on「the ability of word recognition」,「the semantic distinction」,「the atmosphere and habits of reading」subscale between the city and the country.
(2).「The atmosphere and habits of reading」,「The parents caring about children''s academic achievement and their expectation」were significantly related to「word recognition」and 「the semantic distinction」(r=.2262, .2381, .1846; .1293, .2134, .1665, p<.05).
(3).「The atmosphere and habits of reading」had significant relationship with「word recognition」,「the semantic distinction」and「the reading comprehension」for Tainan county and The City of Kaoskiung.
(4).The correlation between「the parents caring about children''s academic achievement and their expextation」,「the semantic distinction」and「the reading comprehension」was significant for Tainan County and The City of Kaoshiung. However, the relationship between「the parents caring about children''s academic achievement and their expectation」subscale and「the ability of word recognition」was significant only for the City of Kaoshiung, not for Tainan County.
(5).Significant relationships existed between「the ability of word recognition」,「the semantic distinction」and「the reading comprehension」for the ity and the country. The results were consistent with the findings in alphabetic writing systems.
(6).The relationship between the variables of the family surroundings for Tainan County is much closer than that for the City of Kaoshiung (z=6.226, 2.475, 5.235,p<.05).
5.The analysis of the ability of word recognition and reading comprehension.
1.Among family surroundings variables, 「the atmosphere and habits of reading」subscale significantly predicted the ability of word recognition.
2.Among family surroundings variables, IQ, the ability of word recognition, 「the parents caring about children''s academic achievement and their expectation」subscale, IQ, and the ability of word recognition were significantly preditctors for the ability of reading comprehension and the semantic distinction.
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