摘要


本次研究之目的是為了解臺灣經濟性海水魚類和鯨目海洋哺乳動物之內寄
生蟲蟲相以及經濟性海水魚類寄生蟲感染與棲息地和食性的相關性。從1996年6月到1997
年4月從臺灣北部之澳底魚市場和和平橋魚市場購買了67種、371隻海水經濟性魚類並從臺
灣沿岸收集了34隻感染寄生蟲之擱淺海洋哺乳動物。收集到之樣本經解剖取得寄生蟲並進
行寄生蟲型態學的鑑定。結果顯示46種的海水經濟性魚類感染蠕蟲，感染率為44.2%，而
寄生蟲個別感染情形分別為線蟲34.8%、吸蟲4.3%、鉤頭蟲6.2%、絛蟲6.5%。共有20種蠕
蟲被鑑定出，分別為Anisakis type I, Anisakis type II, Anisis typeIII, Terranova
type I, Terranova type II, Procamalanus sp., Calmalanidae, Anisakidae, Thynna
scaris sp. Thynnascaris-like, Raphidascaris sp., Metabonema sp., Allocreadiida
e, Brachyphallus sp., Hemiuridae, Bolbosoma sp., Serrasentis sp., Rhadinohynch
idae,. Neoechinohynchidae., Trypanorhyncha。統計結果發現寄生蟲感染與魚類食性呈
極顯著之相關（p<0.01, Chi-square test），而魚類棲息地除了與絛蟲之感染呈顯著相
關 ( p<0.05)外並與其他寄生蟲無關連性。在鯨目動物感則發現有寄生在胃部的 Anisaki
s sp.，寄生在氣竇的 Crascauda sp.和 Nasitrema sp.，寄生支氣管的Pseudaliidae，
寄生膽管的Campulidae，寄生腸道的 Bolbosoma sp.以及寄生於鯨油中的Phyllobothrium
sp.等寄生蟲。並將本次結果與臺灣大學獸醫研究所吳宗穆之碩士論文資料加以整合，結
果顯示臺灣擱淺之鯨目動物寄生蟲感染率為51.2%，寄生蟲種類達16種之多。此外本次調
查發現有7種之海水寄生蟲會導致人畜共通傳染病，因此由海水寄生蟲所造成之潛在危險
性不容忽視。

Abstract


This study is to realize the parasite fauna and the relationship
s between parasite fauna and ecologic factors of commercial marine fish and Ce
tacean in Taiwan. Totally of 371 commercial marine fish of 67 species were pur
chased from fish markets in Keelung and 34 parasite- infested Cetaceans were c
ollected from Taiwan coastline between June 1996 to April 1997. Parasites were
collected at necropsy, and identified according to the characteristics of the
morphology. Results of survey revealed 67 species of shes were infested. Gene
ral infection rate was 44.2% . The individual incidence of helminths is : Nema
tode 34.8%, Anisakis 20.8%, Trematode 4.3%, Acanthocephala 6.2% and Cestode 6.
5%. A total of 18 helminth species were found in commercial marine fish. Paras
ite species identified were : Anisakis type1, Anisakis type 2, Anisakis type 3
, Terranova type1, Terranova type2, Procamalanus sp., Calmalanidae, Anisakidae
, Thynnascaris sp., Thynnascaris-like, Raphidascaris sp. Metabonema sp., Alloc
readiidae, Brachyphaus sp., Hemiuridae, Bolbosoma sp., Serrasentis sp., Rhadin
ohynchidae, Neochinohynchus sp. ,Trypanorhyncha. The analyzed data indicated t
hat significant association was found between fish diet and parasite fauna. Th
ere was no significant association between distribution types and parasite fau
na except trematode infection. Additionally, paraites found in stranded Cetace
ans including Anisakis sp.(in stomach), Crassicauda sp., Nasitrema sp.(in air
sinus), Halocercus sp ( in bronchi), Campulidae(in bile duct), lbosoma sp.(in
intestine), Phyllobothrium sp.(in bubbler). Since seven species of parasites
in this study are zoonotic, the potential risk caused by marine parasites shou
ld not be ingnored.