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The littering problem existing in parks and recreation areas not only costsmanagers lots of budget and working-hour; but also results in a low levelof recreation quality in Taiwan. It is an important which and should beconcerned by both managers and visitors. Although some articles haveanalyzed the factors which affect littering behavior and have proposed somesuggestions for management, how effective these suggestion are has not been tested yet. Based on this concern, this research was focused on the issues ofvisitors'' littering behaviors and their management. Data were collected bymeans of on-site observation, visitor questionnaire survey and quasi-experimenton littering treatment. The purpose of this sudy was to develop an applicable management model for visitors'' littering behaviors.The results of this study have shown that visitors, in general, have a senseof environmental conservation. They basically support treatments for littering problem, and did not litter on purpose. Litters all over the park or recreation area were due to the inappropriate measurements or facilities to deal with the litters and, consequently, caused inconvenience, carelessness,or indifference of the visitors to treat their trash.Furthermore, visitors should be reminded to avoid littering, and the physicalmanagement treatment was called a "reminder". This research has found thatreminder could be more effective when it cooperated whith the pressure of public supervision, and the more frequent the reminder shows up, the more effective it could be.By comparing three management treatment in this research, in application,it shows that the management treatment of "a poster with slogan on the picnictable" was the most effective one on Saturday and weekdays, but "providinggarbage bags" was the most effective management treatment on Sunday. In order to maintain the cleanness of a recreation area, managers could take mixedmanagement treatment to deal with littering problem, depends on the quantityof visitors and the differences of their duration.
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