成年重度極重度智障者適應行為之探討

本研究旨在探討：機構與社區之成重度極重度智障者在適應行為表現上之
差異？ 研究方法採立意取樣，以選取居住機構滿六個月之成年重
度極重度智障者及家屬 （主要照顧者）各四十二位，以配對法取
社區中之成年重度極重度智障者及家屬 （主要照顧者）也四十二
位；並也請機構內之工作人員二十九位填寫問卷．研究 工具包括
：（１）家庭基本人口資料（２）主要照顧者教養方式問卷（３）主要
照顧者對家有成年智障者看法問卷（４）家庭關懷指數（５）適應行為量
表． 研究結果顯示：（１）社區中的成年重度極重度智障者其
適應行為表現優於接受 機構收容養護輔導之成年重度極重度智障
者，尤其在溝通能力，居家生活，實用 知識等三方面有達顯著差
異．（２）社區中成年重度極重度智障者的主要照顧者 （家屬）比
機構的成年重度極重度智障者的主要照顧者，在教養方式上較為放任．
（３）機構內家屬（主要照顧者）對成年重度極重度智障者之看法，在社
會排斥， 家庭負擔，人際疏離等三因素上，較為負向．（４）以複
迴歸分析得知：家庭關 懷指數與智障者教育程度可以有效預測成
年重度極重度智障者適應行為表現；而 家庭社經地位，主要照顧
者對家有成年重度極重度智障者看法，主要照顧者教養 方式等三
因素則未達顯著差異．

Exploration of the adaptive behavior of severe and profound

mentally-retarded adults

The main purpose of this study is to explroe the discrepancies
of the adaptive behavior as demonstrated in
severe and profound mentally-retarded adults,
respectively living in institutional homes and communal ones. In
this study, purposive sampling involves forty-two severe and
profound mentally- retarded adults, living
in institutional homes over six months and
their primary care-givers. In parallel, there are forty-two
severe and profound mentally- retarded adults
living in communal homes and their primary
care-givers. Also, twenty-nine members of the working staff in
the institutional homes are asked to help fill out a
questionnaire. Instruments of this study
include: 1)documents of main family members, 2)
a questionnaire of primary care-givers'' child-rearing methods,
3)a questionnaire of how primary care-givers look at
those mentally- retarded members, 4) family
APGAR index and 5) the statistics of adaptive behavior.
The result of this study shows the following things. First,in
communal homes, severe and profound mentally-
retarded adults have better adaptive behabior than
those in institutional homes. These two groups have distunvt
differences in their ability to communicate,
their family living and their practical knowledge
Secondly, primary care-givers in communal homes are more
liberal, in their ways of rearing children, than those
in institutional homes. Thirdly, about social exclusion
,family burden and human alienation,primary care-givers in
institutional homes are more negative than those in
communal homes. Finally, an overall analysis makes
us know that family APGAR index and educational levels may
effectively predict the performance of adaptive
behavior of those mentally- retarded adults. Nevertheless,
families'' social and economical backgrouds, care-givers''
attitudes and their child- rearing methods are not quite
obvious factors which cause differences between the
two mentally-retarded groups in their adaptive behavior.