臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究係操作實驗室規模之UASB，以純化對苯二甲酸(PTA)廢水為主要研
究對象，並鑑於喜氣生物處理單元產生之廢棄生物污泥需要額外的處理及
處置，因此嘗試以PTA廢水混合小量廢棄生物污泥及PTA廢水混合小量加鹼
水解廢棄生物污泥為進流基質，藉此欲增加UASB程序對PTA廢水處理之效
應。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　茲將研
討方向分成五個主題，如下所述：1. 以經馴養約半年之UASB pilot厭氧
污泥，作為實驗室UASB之植種污泥，在以PTA廢水混合小量生物污泥(其
CODt約佔總CODt 20﹪)之操作試程，以不同水力停留時間（5天、4天及3
天），在低有機負荷之操作下，除試程二外，其進流基質中COD之去除效
率平均約達7成，以往被視為厭氧菌難分解化合物TA(對苯二甲酸)其去除
效率亦達75﹪以上，此結果顯示以廢水混合廢棄生物污泥之進流，對PTA
廢水之處理效率並無特別影響，但污泥累積現象明顯。2. 在活性污泥加
鹼水解方面，在污泥加鹼水解時，水解時間愈長，污泥水解率愈高；此外
，控制pH值愈高時亦可得到愈佳之水解率，但同時控制pH值愈高，耗鹼量
亦愈大。3. 以經馴養約一年之UASB pilot厭氧污泥作為實驗室UASB之植
種污泥時，在以進流PTA廢水混合小量加鹼水解污泥(pH=12，水解12hr)之
操作試程，同樣以不同水力停留時間（5天、4天及3天），及低有機負荷
之操作下，對於進流基質中COD之去除效率，不論水力停留時間之長短，
均皆有80﹪左右之去除率，而在苯環類有機物上，視為厭氧菌難分解化合
物之TA可達90﹪以上去除率，厭氧菌更難分解化合物p-Tol亦可達95﹪以
上去除率，甚至於操作試程末TA及p-Tol均可完全去除，顯示以廢水混合
加鹼水解污泥之進流對PTA廢水之處理並無不當影響，且厭氧生物處理系
統相當良好。在試程操作末期，槽中顆粒污泥直徑可達0.7mm×0.5mm。4.
利用血清瓶進行之批分式BMP試驗，在污泥加鹼水解液厭氧微生物分解程
度方面，分別以污泥加鹼水解液及其稀釋一半、進流基質液(PTA廢水混合
小量水解污泥)及其稀釋一半為基質，探討其厭氧生物分解性，經半個月
時間實驗結果顯示，污泥加鹼水解液無明顯去除效果，進流基質液可得產
氣轉換率為0.3 L Biogas / gCODr。5. 以掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察反應槽
中污泥菌相結果，發現污泥中出現之菌種包括平頭短桿菌(長度約0.75
m)、平頭長桿菌(長度約3.7m)、圓頭胖短桿菌(長度約1.3m)、圓頭長
桿菌(長度約4m)及八鏈球菌等，而以Methanothrix-like菌最常出現，
多成串聯族群出現於污泥表面，間或雜有少許圓頭長短桿菌，係一菌相族
群共生結構。

In this study, a lab-scale bioreactor of upflow anaerobic
sludge blanket (UASB) was operated to treat purified
terephthalic acid (PTA) manufacturing wastewater. We considered
that the wasted biological sludge produced by aerobic activated
sludge unit needed additional treatment and disposal. Therefore,
the UASB bioreactor was fed with the PTA wastewater and a
limited quantity of the wasted biological sludge, or associated
with a limited quantity of alkalified wasted sludge. The
influence of two different supplemented sludge on the PTA
wastewater treatment was investigated as the following
results:1. The one-year acclimated anaerobic sludge was
inoculated into the lab-scale UASB. The PTA wastewater
associated with the wasted activated sludge at 20% of COD
proportion were fed into the UASB. Then, the UASB process was
operated with different HRT(5days,4days and 3days)and low
organic loading. Beside the second run, the removal efficiency
of COD achieved above 70%. The removal efficiency of the less
degradable TA (terephthalic acid) also achieved to 75% and more.
The result revealed that the supplement of wasted biological
sludge had no obvious influence on the treatment efficiency of
PTA wastewater, but sludge accumulation in the UASB reactor is
very obvious.2. On the other hand, the activated sludge was
hydrolyzed with Sodium hydroxide. The longer hydrolysis obtained
the higher sludge hydrolysis rate, while the higher pH obtained
the higher hydrolysis rate. However, the higher pH consumed more
caustic Chemical.3. In the run of the PTA wastewater feeding
with the alkalified biological sludge(pH=12,and 12hr of
hydrolysis),the UASB process was operated also with the
different HRT (5days, 4days and 3days) and low organic loading.
The removal efficiency of COD achieved above 80% with no matter
of long HRT. The removal efficiency of TA (terephthalic acid)
achieved to 90% and more. The removal efficiency of the
refractory p-Tol (para-toluic acid) even achieved to 95% and
more. Eventually, TA and p-Tol were removed completely at the
final experimental period. The result revealed that the
alkalified biological sludge enhanced the treatment efficiency
of the PTA wastewater with better process performance. The
granulated sludge in UASB achieved to 0.7mm×0.5mm of the
particle size.4. Comparative biodegradation of the supplemented
hydrolyzed sludge in batch test. It revealed that sludge
hydrolyzed liquid had no obvious removal effect. Biogas transfer
rate attended to 0.3L biogas/gCODr from the influent
substrate.5. The microbial observation of anaerobic sludge using
the scanning electronic microscope(SEM) indicated that the
obvious bacteria included different rods-like bacteria and
sarcina, the anaerobic sludge were already composed with network
of extra-cellular materials and various anaerobic bacteria that
were juxtaposed together with syntrophic structure.