臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　自然界存在著一種天生不平等狀態，人類的社會也是如此，肉體上的不平等產生了一種不對稱關係，這種不對稱關係使得權力關係隨之而生。本文的目的就是試著從原始的人類社會中權力的起源形式與演變來看現實主義者眼中無政府狀態的國際關係中的國家權力的變化。
　　文章分成四個部份:第一部份探討權力的起源與國際社會中的無政府狀態，其次，從權力關係的特徵來看權力不同的定義，而再從這些定義當中來為國際關係中的國家權力做一個基本、普遍性的定義。
　　第二部份討論的是權力形式的演變，權力的形式可分為武力、操縱、說服、權威。這四種權力形式在國際關係的互動中，也有不同的運作方式。而自一九四五年後，國際關係中的權力形式有逐漸由武力形式轉至非武力形式。
　　第三部份探討權力基礎的演變，過去在探討國家權力的重'c都在擺在軍事武力上，而軍事武力的正當性降低和使用成本增高，使得這種硬性權力的兢念已漸由軟性權力所取代。軟性權力的範圍很廣，主要是利用吸引的方式，讓對方自頗去做己方想要他去做的事而軟性權力是每一個缺乏硬性權力的國家該好好利用的資源。
　　第四部份則在論述權力作用的改變，國家最早爭取權力是為了自身國家的安全，但有時能力不足以自保於是產生了權力平街、集體安全、世界政府等三種主要觀念和運作方式，而權力到底是一種目的或只是一種手段，也是本章探討的重點。
　　最後，在國際關係中，權力概念是不斷用來解釋與說明國家間的互動關係。權力的特徵並未改變，但其內涵與來源確隨著時代的變遇而有所更動。國家不能企盼利用過去的權力觀念來面對未來的國際關係。在了解權力的基礎是個變動的觀念之後，國家應該思索如何發揮與他國不對稱關係的權力資源，才能在將來新的一波權力競逐中獲得優勢。

　　That the human society is unequal is as sameas the nature. Physical unequalness generates an asymmetric relationship from which the power relationaship generates accordingly. The purpose of this dissertation is to charify how the realist views the changes of national power in the anarchic state from the beginning, forms, and the cvolution of the power in the original human society.
　　The thesis is divided into four partrs: the first part is to discuss the beginning of the power and the anarchic state in the intemational society, and examine different definitions of the power based on the characteristics of the power relationship. Then define the national power in a basic and general way.
　　The seond part is to discuss the evolution of the forms of the power. The forms of power include forces, manipulation, persuasion and authority. These four forms work in different ways as interacting in the intemational relationship. The forms of the power gradually tends to act in the manner not conforming to forces since 1945.
　　The third part is to discuss the bases of the power. In the past, the discussion of the national power was focused on the military force, however, the concept of the hard power is gradually replaced with the soft power since the legitimacy of military force reduced and the cost increascd. The soft power with a wide scope mainly attracts and motivates the object state volunteer to do what she wants to do. The states lacking of hard power should make efficient use of the valuable source-the soft power.
　　The fourth part is to discuss the changes of how the power functions. In the very beginning, states conccrning their own safety stugglcd for the power. The concepts and ways of operation perlaining to balance of the power, collcctive sccurity, and the world government generate duc to the imability to safeguard themselves. Moreover, this chapter would also like to discuss the question that the power is actually a purpose or a method.
　　Finally, in the international relation, the concept of power has always been applied to explain and describe the interaction between states. The characters of the power didn,t change, however, the context and the resources changed in accordance with the passing time. A state cannot expect to face the future international relations with the past concept of the power. after understanding the bases of the power is variant, a state may try to figure out how to maker efficient use of the power resources of the asymmetric relationship between other states as to take advantage in the new wave of power-figth.