臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘 要
在群體決策情境中個體的意見或決定， 往往會因為經由群體之間彼此相互討論之影響而產生群體一致性的結果。 這些結果通常會與個體的先前個別意見或決定有更趨極端方向的偏移。 James Stoner於 1961首先提出此論點， 根據先前學者的研究顯示： 社會比較理論(social comparison)與具說服力的論點 (persuasive argumentation) ， 為一般發生極化現象的主要原因。
根據陳啟光博士 (1996) 之研究發現， 一群體在經過彼此的討論之後， 所得的結果並沒有產生極化現象， 反而是得到一致性之顯著反極化現象 (group depolarization)， 此研究結果顯然與先前學者的研究截然不同。 推究其原因， 可能是因為所使用的衡量尺標 (scales) 與先前其研究所使用的衡量尺標不同而產生之效應。
本研究將於控制組與實驗組之間以相同之實驗情境但不同之衡量尺標， 來驗証群體反極化現象產生之原因。 本研究之實驗決策情境為： 一位年輕工程師面臨工作機會選擇之困境。 實驗樣本包括控制組與實驗組共240名， 共計進行四階段之實驗程序。 預計之實驗結果除了驗証群體極化現象之產生原因， 另外亦將探討社會比較 (social comparison) 與具說服力理論 (persuasive argumentation)的顯著性。
本實驗的結果， 不論是在控制組， 或是在實驗組各組中， 都沒有產生預期的群體極化現象， 無法證實群體極化效應。

Abstract
The opinions of an individual in the group decision are often produced a similar tendency by group discussion, which indicate the decision making after the discussion are usually riskier then before. The shifts are called "risky shift", which was found by James Stoner in 1961. In 1962, Nordhoy found that some decision making after the discussion are more cautious, then the shifts are called "cautious shift". Both risky shift and cautious shift are called "group polarization". The causes of the group polarization, which were often raised by researchers, are social comparison and persuasive argumentation.
In 1996, Dr. Chi-kuang Chen found that the results of the group discussion did not cause group polarization. This is different from previously studies. The reasons of the contradiction are likely the measurement scales used in the Dr. Chen''s study is different from the measurement scales used in the previously studies.
The study is to predict the group polarization phenomenon by using from different scales. The chosen scenario of the study is: a young man has to make a decision between two job choices. The results showed the in significant polarization shifts among the four measurement scales. The implications are of three findings discussed and the further research are suggested as well.

目 錄

第1章 緒論1
1.1 研究動機與目的1
1.2 研究對象及範圍2
1.3 研究流程4
1.4 各章內容摘要4
第2章 文獻探討6
2.1 極化現象的發現6
2.2 極化現象發生的原因8
2.2.1 社會比較理論9
2.2.2 具說服力的論點10
2.3 尺標11
第3章 研究架構與設計17
3.1 研究架構與假設17
3.2 實驗情境20
3.3 衡量尺標與實驗配置22
3.4 實驗程序26
3.5 樣本29
3.6 研究變數30
3.7 資料分析方法31
3.8 先導研究32
第4章 研究結果33
4.1 基本資料分析34
4.2 研究假設之結果分析42
第5章 綜合討論56
5.1 討論56
5.2 結論65
5.3 未來改進方向與建議65
參考資料67
附錄 一 控制組實驗問卷71
附錄 二 實驗組（I）實驗問卷92
附錄 三 實驗組（II）實驗問卷120
附錄 四 實驗組（III）實驗問卷141
附錄 五 研究變數表162
附錄 六 實驗數據167

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