臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本試驗之目的，在探討添加不同種類油脂與添加期長短對肉雞組織中n-3多不飽和脂肪酸蓄積之影響，以尋求提昇肌肉組織中n-3多不飽和脂肪酸之較佳添加油脂種類與添加時間。本試驗共分2個試驗，以4週齡愛拔益加肉雞(Arbor Acre broiler chicken)為試驗動物。試驗一區分為6%牛油組(控制組)、6%魚油組與3組3%魚油+3%不同植物油之混合油組等5個處理組，每一處理組雞隻5隻，3重複，採籠飼，試驗結束時，雞隻犧牲並分析其肝臟、胸肉、腿肉和腹腔脂肪中脂肪酸含量，並測定血清及肝臟中膽固醇和三酸甘油酯含量。試驗二進一步比較肉雞餵予試驗飼糧時間長短，對肉雞組織中n-3多不飽和脂肪酸組成的影響。試驗一之結果顯示，肝臟中總n-3多不飽和脂肪酸含量以添加6%魚油組與添加3%魚油+3%芥花油組含量(48.82%與49.05%)顯著高於其他處理組(P<0.05)，以添加牛油組(19.23%)含量最低；EPA(eicosapentaenoic acid)及DHA (docosahexaenoic acid)亦以添加6%魚油組與添加3%魚油+3%芥花油組含量顯著高於添加6%牛油處理組；胸肉中脂肪酸含量與肝臟有相似的結果；腿肉與腹脂中總n-3多不飽和脂肪酸、α-次亞麻仁油酸、EPA、DPA(docosapentaenoic acid)及DHA含量皆以添加6%魚油組含量顯著高於其他處理組(P<0.05)；血清中三酸甘油酯含量以添加牛油組(97.15 mg/dL)顯著高於其他處理組(P<0.05)，以添加6%魚油組與添加3%魚油+3%芥花油組含量最低；血清中膽固醇含量亦以添加6%牛油處理組含量顯著高於其他處理組(P<0.05)。肝臟中膽固醇與三酸甘油酯含量在各處理組間並未發現有顯著差異存在。試驗二之結果顯示，隨餵飼時間延長，組織中n-3多不飽和脂肪酸含量亦呈增加的趨勢，累積速率為肝臟>胸肉>腿肉>腹腔脂肪；但是在肝臟及胸肉組織中，添加魚油與魚油+植物油混合油組2週後體內n-3多不飽和脂肪酸含量即呈穩定狀態；腿肉及腹腔脂肪中n-3多不飽和脂肪酸含量皆隨處理時間延長而增加，但是腹腔脂肪中n-3多不飽和脂肪酸含量以α-次亞麻仁油酸為主，而腿肉中EPA、DPA與DHA含量高於腹腔脂肪；血清中膽固醇及三酸甘油酯含量皆隨魚油或魚油+植物油混合油組添加時間的增加而減少。無論添加的油脂為何，n-3多不飽和脂肪酸含量以肝臟中含量最高其次為胸肉再其次腿肉，腹脂中的含量最低。

The objective of the experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different dietary oil sources and supplementation periods on n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid compositions of tissues in broilers. The study was divided into two trials and 4 weeks old Arber Acre broiler chickens were use. In trial 1, 75 broiler were selected and divided into 5 groups. Each group were treated triplicate with 5 caged birds and fed with one of five experimental diets containing 6% tallow as control treatment , 6% fish oil and 3 treatments of mixture of 3% fish oil mixed with 3% of different plant oil(sesame seed oil, sunflower seed oil, canola seed oil). Trial 2, was conducted to investigate the effect of different dietary supplementation periods on n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid compositions of tissues in broilers. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. On the end of the trials, birds were bled and sacrificed. At necropsy, the liver, breast and thigh muscles as well as abdominal adipose were removed for the compositions of fatty acids determination. The contents of triglyceride and cholesterol of liver and serum were also determined. The results indicated that the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in liver are significantly hight(p<0.05) when treated with 6% fish oil and 3% fish oil mixed with 3% canola seed oil(48.82 g/100g and 49.05 g/100g) compare to the other treatments. On the other hand, the lowest amount of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was obtained when treated with tallow (19.23 g/100g). The contents of EPA and DHA in liver also found the same manner when different kinds of oil were treated as above. It also showed that the similar tendency of fatty acid level in breast muscle and liver were found . We found the contents of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, α-linolenic, EPA, DPA and DHA were also higher in thigh muscle and abdominal adipose when treated with 6% fish oil. The concentration of triglyceride (95.15 mg/dl) of serum were significantly higher(p<0.05) in 6% tallow group than the other groups. However, treated with 6% fish oil and 3% fish oil mixed with 3% calona seed oil were lowest. Same results were also found in the concentration of cholesterol of the serum. Results indicated that there were no significantly different in the content of triglyceride and cholesterol of liver among the treatments . In trail 2, the contents of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were increased as increasing the feeding time of fish oil or fish oil mixed with plant oil. The increasing rate of tissues were liver> breast>thigh> abdominal adipose. However, after 2 weeks feeding, the contents of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in liver and breast muscle were stable and at a high level when bird fed with 6% fish oil and 3% fish oil mixed with 3% plant oil diets. The concentrations of triglyceride and cholesterol in serum were decreased as increasing the feed time of fish oil or mixed with plant oil. After all, no matter what kind of oils were added, the amount of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were the highest in liver, then breast and thigh muscle, and least in abdominal adipose.

壹、 摘要¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨1
貳、 前言¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨3
參、 文獻檢討¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨5
一、n-3多不飽和脂肪酸及n-6多不飽和脂肪酸之定義 ¨¨¨¨5
二、n-3多不飽和脂肪酸對人體的影響 ¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨5
(一) n-3多不飽和脂肪酸與冠狀動脈血管疾病 ¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨7
(二) n-3多不飽和脂肪酸與發炎性疾病¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨7
(三) n-3多不飽和脂肪酸與早期腦部發育¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨9
(四) n-6多不飽和脂肪酸在人體的功用 ¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨10
(五) n-3多不飽和脂肪酸在體內的生化作用機制 ¨¨¨¨¨¨10
1. 類廿碳烯酸族¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨10
2. 血漿脂肪¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨11
三、添加魚油對肌肉品質之影響 ¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨15
四、雞肉魚腥臭 ¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨16
(一) 魚腥臭的問題¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨16
(二) 魚腥臭的特性¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨17
(三) 減少魚腥味的方法¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨18
五、家禽脂質代謝 ¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨18
(一) 家禽對脂質的消化與吸收¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨18
(二) 影響家禽脂質消化與吸收之因子¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨22
(三) 脂質生成作用之部位¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨23
(四) 脂質生成作用之過程¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨23
(五) 家禽脂質之運輸¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨27
(六) 家禽脂質之儲存¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨28
肆、 材料與方法¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨31
一、 試驗材料¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨31
二、 試驗設計及動物飼養¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨31
1. 試驗一¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨31
2. 試驗二¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨34
三、 血液樣品之採集與處理¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨35
四、 組織樣品之採集與處理¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨36
五、 分析項目及方法¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨36
(一) 血清總膽固醇濃度測定¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨36
(二) 血清三酸甘油酯濃度測定¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨37
(三) 肝臟三酸甘油酯與膽固醇含量之測定¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨38
(四) 脂肪酸組成之測定¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨39
(五) 官能評估¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨40
六、 統計分析¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨41
伍、結果與討論 ¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨42
一、 試驗一：飼糧中添加不同油脂對肉雞組織中n-3和n-6多
不飽和脂肪酸含量之影響 ¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨42
(一) 生長性狀與肝臟重量¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨42
(二) 肝臟與血液中三酸甘油酯與膽固醇含量¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨43
(三) 組織中脂肪酸組成¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨44
1. 肝臟中脂肪酸組成 ¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨45
2. 胸肉中脂肪酸組成 ¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨47
3. 腿肉中脂肪酸組成 ¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨48
4. 腹腔脂肪中脂肪酸組成 ¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨49
3. 官能品評¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨51
二、 試驗二：飼糧中添加不同油脂及不同添加期對肉雞組織中
n-3和n-6多不飽和脂肪酸含量之影響 ¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨52
(一) 生長性狀與肝臟重量¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨52
(三) 肝臟與血液三酸甘油酯與膽固醇含量¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨53
(四)組織中脂肪酸組成 ¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨55
三、總結 ¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨61
陸、結論 ¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨63
柒、英文摘要 ¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨64
捌、參考文獻 ¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨66

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