臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文為研究水芋球莖採收後處理技術及長期貯藏力試驗，同時探討影響球莖貯藏的因素以及寒害發生症狀與生理變化。球莖採收後應該先蔭晾乾作調理（curing），除了可以去除田間熱之外，另方面也可使球莖表面乾燥附著泥土得以抖落。從包裝材質作比較，以PE袋逐球包裝失重最少，而保鮮膜包裹失重率居次，但隨貯放時間增加，保鮮膜會變鬆；球莖基部去除放在高溼度下容易腐爛，在低溼度表面容易乾燥變硬，因此販售時不宜去除基部。所以低溫長期貯藏可用PE袋包裝，而保鮮膜可以用在儲架販售時，除可以增加產品外觀品質，消費者選購時也比較清潔和方便。
腐爛和失重是影響貯藏的重要因子，所有球莖罹病部位皆是由球莖基部開始向上蔓延，球莖基部生理年齡較長、內部細胞間隙大、含水度高及全可溶性糖含量高，因此造成病原微生物容易從基部入侵進行感染，貯前各項處理並沒有抑制感染的功效，所以球莖貯藏只要保持表面乾燥配合保濕包裝即可進行長期貯藏。
`檳榔心芋`球莖貯放在5℃、10℃和15℃下1~2週，仍不致發生寒害現象，但在20℃球莖有嚴重腐爛情形。從`檳榔心芋`長期貯藏試驗發現，在5℃貯藏1個月及10℃貯藏2個月均發現球莖內部果肉有變黃及維管束褐化的情形，貯藏在15℃和20℃的球莖有部分腐爛現象之外，並沒有發生內部品質劣變現象。
`高雄1號`球莖貯藏在1℃和5℃皆會發生寒害，貯藏在10℃和15℃則完全沒有寒害發生，但是在15℃貯藏3週即發生長根情形，隨貯藏時間增加有萌芽發生，在15℃貯藏長根和萌芽現象發生率是100﹪。`高雄1號`長期在10℃和15℃貯藏4個月之後，球莖可利用率也接近於100﹪，充分顯示其可供長期貯藏。從`檳榔心芋`與`高雄1號`長期貯藏試驗比較，`檳榔心芋`適合的貯藏溫度可能為15℃，但是仍需要再作進一步試驗確認，而`高雄1號`可以確定為10℃。
芋柄採收切口褐化速度很快，在室溫下芋柄基部會變成紫色，影響產品外觀品質。呼吸率隨著貯藏溫度下降而減緩，在低溫環境下配合保鮮包裝可以延長芋柄保藏期限，葉柄基部也沒有變紫色現象。
當`高雄1號`球莖貯藏在5℃以下發生寒害時，呼吸速率及乙烯產生量皆呈現直線增加趨勢，觀察球莖內部也發現到果肉嚴重變色及維管束褐化。`高雄1號`在10℃長期貯藏之後，移到5℃在第3週即有輕微寒害現象發生，顯示並沒有較高抗寒性存在。

This thesis was studying the postharvest technique and long term storage capability of taro corm. The effect of storage elements, symptoms of chilling injury and physiological changes of it was also studied at the same time. Taro corm should be cured in a cool and dry place after harvesting to gain the advantageous of eliminating excess field heat and removing the mud from the corm easily. In comparing the packing materials, weight loss was least on individual PE bags packing followed by plastic film packing. However, plastic film packing tended to be loose as time last. Corm base was easily rotten under high relative humidity conditions and was easily dried and hard under low humidity circumstances. Therefore, it is not proper to cut off the taro base while at sale. As a matter of fact, PE bags packing could be used in long term storage and plastic film are suggested for shelf sale period to beatify product appearance and to be easily shopped by consumers.
Rotting and weight lose are important affecting factors while storage. Almost all of the rotten positions began from the base and moved upward. Owing to physiological oldness, big internal cell gaps, high water content, and high water soluble solid, decease pathogens infected easily from the taro corm base. Storage pretreatment did not inhibit decease infection effectively. Therefore, facial drying with humidity maintenance packing could be used for long term storage of taro corm.
'Betelnut' taro corm has no chilling injury symptoms under 5℃, 10℃, and 15℃ for two weeks. However, serious rotting occurred under 20℃. From the study of ' Betelnut ' taro corm long term storage, we found yellowish pulp and vascular bundle necrosis under both 5℃ for one month and 10℃ for two months. In addition to partial corm rot phenomenon, no other quality deterioration was found in pulp of taro corm.
'Kaoshung No.1' taro corm had chilling injury symptoms occurred under both 1℃ and 5℃ and was absent under both 10℃ and 15℃. However, rooting occurred under 15℃ for three weeks and sprouting happened as time last. Both rooting and sprouting occurred absolutely under 15℃. Bulb utilization available rate was almost 100% under both 10℃ and 15℃ for four months. This indicated that 'Kaoshung No.1' taro corm could be used for long term storage. From the study of long term taro corm storage, the suitable storage temperature for 'Kaoshung No. 1' is 10℃ for sure, and that for 'Betelnut' is probably 15℃and remain to be further confirmed.
Cutting edge of dasheen bush necrose fast. It became purple and will affect the appearance of the product. Respiration rate decreased as temperature was reduced. Storage period of dasheen bush was extended and without purple phenomenon under low temperature conditions with fresh maintaining packing.
Respiration rate and ethylene production increased linearly as chilling injury occurred on 'Kaoshung No. 1' taro corms while they were stored below 5℃. Yellowish pulp and vascular bundle necrosis was also found. Light chilling injury was found on the third week of 5℃ after they were transferred from 10℃ long term storage condition. This indicates that 'Kaoshung No. 1' taro corm has no strong chilling resistant existence.

前言…………………………………………………………………1
前人研究……………………………………………………………4
一、芋之產品特性.4
二、根莖產品採收及貯藏期間的問題………………………….6
三、園產品採前因子對品質的影響…………………………….7
四、癒傷處理…………………………………………………….9
五、根莖作物寒害………………………………………………13
六、芋貯藏………………………………………………………16
七、採後病害管理………………………………………………18
材料與方法21
一、試驗材料……………………………………………………21
二、試驗方法……………………………………………………21
（一）球莖採收後之處理技術
（1）球莖包裝材質選擇…………………………………21
（2）貯藏溫度對球莖品質的影響………………………22
（3）球莖基底部狀態與球莖品質關係探討……………22
（4）球莖貯藏前處與病原之關係………………………23
（二）芋之貯藏技術
（1）芋柄貯藏……………………………………………24
（2）球莖貯藏力評估……………………………………25
（三）影響球莖貯藏品質的可能因子探討………………….26
（四）低溫障礙發生………………………………………….31
結果與討論.32
一、球莖採收後之處理技術
（一）球莖包裝材質選擇…………………………………….32
（二）溫度對球莖品質的影響……………………………….32
（三）採後處理技術對球莖外觀品質的影響….…….……....33
（四）球莖基底部狀態與球莖品質的關係…….….………....34
（五）球莖貯藏前處理與病原發生之關係…….….…………35
二、芋之貯藏技術
（一）芋柄貯藏…………………………………….………….44
1.芋柄採後生理及品質……………………….…………...44
2.芋柄可供販售性發展與潛力……………….…………...45
（二）球莖貯藏力評估…………………………….………….46
三、影響球莖貯藏品質的可能因子探討
（一）貯藏期間影響球莖品質的罹病症狀…….…………….61
（二）球莖再生長現象………………………….…………….61
（三）球莖不同部位組織含水度、全可溶性糖及澱粉的含量 62
（四）總酚類化合物…………………………………………...63
（五）球莖組織結構…………………………………………..64
（六）球莖外部及內部構造…………………………………..65
（七）不同生產季節植株性狀與球莖發育關係探討………..66
四、低溫障礙發生
（一）寒害發生生理變化…………………………………….79
（二）球莖寒害症狀觀察…………………………………….79
（三）溫度調適對寒害發生之影響………………………….80
中文摘要.…...86
英文摘要88
參考文獻90
附表98

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