臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

亞共晶Al-Si-Mg合金由於應用時可能遭遇共振破壞的問題，因此研究在共振狀態下，亞共晶Al-Si-Mg合金裂縫傳播的機構，及如何由冶金變因提高其裂縫傳播阻抗，是相當重要的課題。
本研究的實驗結果顯示，共振測試過程中，試片末端偏移量的變化情形可分成三區，在第一區時試片有加工硬化的現象，偏移量隨振動次數增加而上升；第二區偏移量幾乎維持一定，而且裂縫主要在此區傳播，然而有少部份試片因裂縫成長速率太快，此區並不明顯；第三區時之裂縫長度已相當長，試片的共振頻率已下降，亦即振動台振動頻率已偏離試片之共振頻率，當振動次數持續增加，偏離程度增加，因此偏移量隨之下降。偏移量由第二區進入第三區所對應的臨界裂縫長度不隨試片不同而改變。
Al-7Si-0.3Mg合金時效處理效應的研究顯示，時效條件可區分成兩組，自然及初時效為一組，而峰值及過時效為另一組。兩組試片的裂縫傳播模式不同，但裂縫傳播阻抗皆會隨合金的降伏強度及微硬度增加而提升。自然及初時效試片中，裂縫在a-Al基地會沿滑移帶傳播，破斷面上出現{111}結晶面特徵，在此種傳播模式下，裂縫轉折程度相當高，可提升裂縫傳播阻抗；裂縫通過共晶矽區間時，沿破裂共晶矽或共晶矽與基地界面傳播。Al-7Si-0.3Mg與無共晶矽存在之Al-1Si-0.3Mg合金的自然時效試片比較顯示，在此種傳播模式下，共晶矽對裂縫傳播影響較小。在峰值及過時效試片中，未觀察到滑移帶傳播的跡象，裂縫傳播受共晶矽影響較大，有往共晶矽區間傳播傾向；而裂縫通過共晶矽區間時，穿過破裂共晶矽或沿共晶矽與基地界面傳播。Al-7Si-0.3Mg與Al-1Si-0.3Mg合金的過時效試片比較顯示，在此種傳播模式中下，共晶矽所扮演角色為劣化傳播阻抗。
Al-7Si-0.3Mg未改良合金鑄態與固溶試片比較顯示，鑄態共晶矽呈針棒狀，對裂縫傳播影響較大，因此裂縫傳播阻抗較固溶試片為低；較長固溶時間可進一步降低共晶矽對裂縫傳播的影響，提升裂縫傳播阻抗。另外固溶處理試片可觀察到裂縫沿滑移帶傳播跡象。從Al-7Si合金探討共晶矽效應的結果顯示，固溶處理可使未改良合金之共晶矽圓鈍化，因此固溶時間愈長，裂縫往共晶矽區間傳播傾向降低，可改善裂縫傳播阻抗；當裂縫經過共晶矽區域，鑄態時是沿破裂共晶矽傳播機率較高，隨固溶時間增加，則沿共晶矽與基地界面比例隨之增加。未改良合金經擠形處理後，共晶矽呈顆粒狀且分佈相當均勻，因此延性相當好，但裂縫路徑的轉折度相當低，裂縫傳播阻抗未有改善效果。經鍶改良處理後，雖鑄態時裂縫路徑的轉折及分歧程度相當高，但裂縫幾乎沿共晶矽區間傳播，因此裂縫傳播阻抗只較未改良合金稍高。改良試片經短時間固溶處理後，則裂縫轉折及分歧程度降低，但裂縫仍有沿共晶矽區間傳播的傾向，因此裂縫傳播阻抗下降。
綜合上述有關亞共晶Al-Si-Mg合金的結果，如在相同強度或微硬度考量下，欲增加其在共振狀態下之裂縫傳播阻抗，則時效處理可選擇人工時效初期，達到兼顧延性及強度的目的。共晶矽的效應方面，則經較長時間固溶處理，或鑄態改良處理皆可改善裂縫傳播阻抗。

During the application of hypoeutectic Al-Si-Mg alloy, resonant vibration may be encountered to accelerate failure. Therefore, the mechanisms of crack propagation of hypoeutectic Al-Si-Mg alloy under resonant vibration and how to improve its cracking resistance by metallurgical factors are necessary to be explored.
The experimental results indicate the deflection in resonance can be classified into three stages as a function of vibration cycle during resonant test. In stage I, the deflection increases with the number of vibration cycles. The hardness of specimen also increases with vibration cycles during this stage. Except for few specimens with faster crack growth rate, the test specimens possess a distinct plateau stage of maximum deflection and the cracks propagate principally in the second stage. As the cracks are sufficiently long, the resonant frequency of the specimen decreases. Therefore, the specimen diverges from the resonance condition. As the crack continues to advance, the degree of divergence increases and the deflection decreases with increasing vibration cycles in stage III. Moreover, the critical crack length for the onset of this final stage is not a function of microstructure change.
In current study, the crack propagation behavior of Al-7Si-0.3Mg alloy with various aging conditions was investigated under resonant vibration. The aging conditions used in this study can be divided into two groups. The natural and under-aging specimens belong to one group and peak and over-aging specimens are the other. Between these two groups, although they exhibit the different mechanisms of crack propagation, their resistances to crack propagation increase with the yield strength and microhardness. In the natural and under-aging conditions, a major part of the crack extends along slip bands as crossing through a-Al matrix and the feature of {111} crystal planes appears in the fracture surfaces. Under this cracking mode, the crack path is meandering, so the cracking resistance increases. In some regions of silicon particles clustering, the crack goes through silicon particle/matrix interfaces or broken particles. Comparing with the natural aging Al-1Si-0.3Mg alloy, which contains no eutectic silicon, the eutectic silicon shows little effect on crack propagation path under the crack extension mode with slip band cracking. However, the feature of slip band cracking is absent in the peak and over-aging specimens. In this group, the eutectic silicon heavily influences the cracking path and the crack shows the more preferred trend toward the zone of silicon particles clustering. As the crack propagates in this zone, the cracking mode is still particle/matrix interface decohesion or through broken particle. From the comparison result between Al-7Si-0.3Mg and Al-1Si-0.3Mg alloys at the over-aging condition, the eutectic silicon can cause the cracking resistance to decrease.
According to the result of the comparison between as-cast and solution-treated unmodified Al-7Si-0.3Mg specimens, the solution treatment can enhance the cracking resistance. Also, the longer solution time can further increase the resistance. Besides the solution-treated specimens affected by natural aging, the level of spheroidization of eutectic silicon increases with postporning the solution time is the other reason. So, Al-7Si alloy possessing no aging behavior is used to investigate the effect of eutectic silicon. The experimental results indicate the solution treatment can alter the morphology of eutectic silicon to more round. While the solution time increases, the level of spheroidization of eutectic silicon increase and the trend of cracking toward the zone of silicon particles clustering decreases. Therefore, the resistance to crack propagation increases. As crossing through the clustering zone, the cracking path of as-cast specimen dominantly goes through broken particles. After the solution treatment, the fraction of interface decohesion increases with solution time. By using the extrusion process for the unmodified alloy, the silicon particles change to particulate type and their distribution becomes more uniform. This feature causes the material to possess the higher elongation. However, its cracking path is smoother, so the extrusion process can not improve the cracking resistance. After the Sr-modification treatment, the effect of crack deflection and branching on the as-cast specimen are higher. However, the crack almost extends through the zone of silicon particle clustering. So, combining these two effects, the cracking resistance of as-cast modified specimen is slightly higher than unmodified one. After short solution time for the modified alloy, the deflection and branching effect on crack path decreases but the preferential trend through the clustering zone still persists. Thus, its cracking resistance is lower than the unmodified alloy.
To sum up the abovementioned results about hypoeutectic Al-Si-Mg alloy, under the consideration of same strength or microhardness, the under-aging condition, which exhibit the higher elongation and strength (microhardness) simultaneously is the better choice in the aging condition during the application necessary for higher cracking resistance under resonant vibration. Among the results of the influence of eutectic silicon, long solution-treating time and Sr-modification in as-cast condition can both improve the cracking resistance.

封面
中文摘要
英文摘要
總目錄
表目錄
圖目錄
第一章 前言
第二章 文獻回顧
2-1 共振狀態介紹
2-1-1 共振頻率
2-1-2 阻泥的影響
2-1-3 共振特性
2-2 A1-Si-Mg合金之等性
2-2-1 A1-Si合金的基本性質與應用
2-2-1 A1-Si合金的時效特性
2-2-2 A1-Si(-Mg)合金的微觀組織
2-2-3 A1-Si(-Mg)合金的變形破壞特性
2-3 裂縫傳播行為
2-3-1 滑移特性對裂縫傳播的影響
2-3-2 裂縫路徑特徵的影響
2-3-3 第二相對裂縫傳播的影響
第三章 實驗方法
3-1 材料熔煉
3-2 共振測試
3-2-1 決定共振頻率
3-2-2 共振測試
3-3 拉伸及硬度測試
3-4 微觀組織定量解析
3-5 裂縫路徑特徵定量解析
第四章 鑄態及固溶處理 A1-7Si-0.3Mg合金振裂縫傳播行為比較
4-1 前言
4-2 實驗材料及方法
4-3 實驗結果
4-3-1 微觀組織及拉伸性質
4-3-2 共振頻率、偏移量與製縫長度
4-3-3 裂縫傳播路徑觀察及解析
4-4 討論
4-4-1 共振測試特性
4-4-2 影響裂縫傳播路徑及阻抗之因素
4-5 結論
第五章 時效處理對A1-7Si-0.3Mg及A1-1Si-0.3Mg合金共振縫傳播行為之影響
5-1 前言
5-2 實驗材料及方法
5-3 實驗結果
5-3-1 顯微組織、拉伸性質及微硬度數據
5-3-2 共振測試特性及裂縫長度數據
5-3-3 裂縫傳播路徑及破斷面解析
5-3-4 裂縫傳播路徑特徵解析
5-4 討論
5-4-1 共振測試特性
5-4-2 裂縫傳播機構
5-4-3 裂縫深度的效應
5-5 結論
第六章 共晶矽形態及佈對A1-7Si合金共振裂縫傳播行為的效應
6-1 前言
6-2 實驗材料及方法
6-3 實驗結果
6-3-1 微觀組織及拉伸性質
6-3-2 共振測試特性
6-3-3 固溶處理試片的共振裂縫傳播行為
6-3-4 擠形處理的效應
6-3-5 改良處理的效應
6-4 討論
6-4-1 固溶處理的效應
6-4-2 擠形處理的效應
6-4-3 改良處理的效應
6-5 結論
第七章 綜合討論
7-1 前言
7-2 與傳統疲勞裂縫傳播的比較
7-3 共振測試特性
7-4 共振裂縫傳播阻抗的提升
第八章 總結論
第九章 參考資料
誌謝

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