臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

心臟的週期性機制活動在維持人體的生命現象中佔了舉足輕重的地位。而藉由心電圖這種非侵入式的生理信號擷取儀器所獲得的連續信號，將可幫助我們瞭解心臟活動的詳細情形，進而分析影響其活動的竇房結組織，與交感、副交感神經的活動情形。一般說來交感神經會促進生理反應，而副交感神經則會對來自交感神經的訊息作修飾。目前多種研究證實，其彼此間並非單一的調節機轉，而是同時具有協同活化 ( co-activation ) 和同時抑制 ( coinhibition ) 的作用，以整體反應自律神經的功能。透過簡便心率變異性 ( heart rate variability ) 的量測，可反映交感與副交感神經的功能。我們利用心電圖上R-R間隔的變化，經由程式分析，顯示其頻率間隔的差異性。利用此心率的變異性，可簡便有效的評估交感神經與副交感神經的功能。
本論文目的在於設計一個能有效判讀出交感與副交感神經的活動與外在刺激及其反應在頻譜上的關聯性之分析系統，藉由此分析系統的運算與分析可節省許多時間，其數據更可幫助醫師作為自律神經功能檢查時的一種參考，並提高判斷的準確性，更可進一步探討各種情緒行為的改變對心臟節律的影響，預測各種行為改變對心臟的心律反應，特別對某些疾病的病人，預測並避免有害的刺激，適時的給予治療。

The periodic mechanism activities of heart play an important role in maintaining the life phenomena of human body. Furthermore, by getting continuous signals from ECG machine, noninvasive physiological signals, the detailed situations of heart activities would be realized, and further the sinus node organization and the working situation of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves which influence heart activities would be analysed.
Sympathetic nerves will generally promote physiological responses, while parasympathetic nervous system will further modify the message from the sympathetic nerves. Besides the regulating and controlling mechanism between the sympathetic and paresympathetic nerves, the behaviors of coactivation and coinhibition between them have been studied and demonstrated by many researchers. Spectral analysis of HRV provides an effective way to investigate the different activities of the autonomic nervous system. The functions of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves can be reflected by measuring HRV.
The variation in frequency can be shown by the changes of R-R interval in ECG through the aid of program analysis. By utilizing HRV, the function of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves can be estimated efficiently and briefly.
The objective of this paper is to design an analytic system which can read the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous activities with the relation between the external stimuli and the results reflected on the spectrum. A great amount of time would be saved by the operational analysis of this analytic system, and its data could be taken as a helpful reference to increase the accuracy of the diagnosis when the doctors inspect the autonomic nervous system. In addition, the influence of various emotional behavior on cardiac rhythm, especially aiming at the patients with certain kinds of diseases, would be further discussed and predicted.

Chinese Abstract………………………………………………….Ⅰ
English Abstract………………………………………………….Ⅱ
Thanks…………………………………………………………….…Ⅳ
Content………………………………………………………….…..Ⅴ
List of Tables………………………………………………………Ⅶ
List of Figures…………………………..…………………………Ⅷ
Chapter 1 Introduction………………………..…………………1
1.1 Study Motivation……..…………………………………….1
1.2 Study Purpose……..………………………………………..2
1.3 Paper Structure……..………………………………………3
Chapter 2 System Design……..…………………………………4
2.1 Theory and Concepts
2.1.1 Rhythms in Heart Rate ……..………………………..4
2.1.2 Analysis of Variability in the Constituent
Frequencies……..……………………………………5
2.1.3 Analysis of Heart Rate Variability …………………7
2.1.4 Frequency Analysis of Heart Rate Variability……..8
2.1.5 The Phase-Space Restructured Plot…………………9
2.2 System Structure……..……………………………………11
2.3 Configuration of Hardware……..……………………….13
2.4 Software Design
2.4.1 Analysis Program……..……………………………..18
2.4.2 Supplementary Tools Control Program……………23
Chapter 3 Experimental Methods……………………………27
3.1 General Description of Experiment
3.1.1 Experiment 1: Effects of Respiratory Interval on
Vagal Modulation of Heart Rate………………….27
3.1.2 Experiment 2: Assessment of Parasympathetic
Control of Heart Rate by Injecting Atropine……28
3.2 Experimental Materials and Beforehand Preparation
3.2.1 Experimental Materials……………………………..29
3.2.2 Beforehand Preparation…………………………….29
3.3 Experimental Subjects
3.3.1 Experiment 1……………………………….………..32
3.3.2 Experiment 2……………………………….………..32
3.4 Experimental Procedures
3.4.1 Experiment 1…………………………….…………..33
3.4.2 Experiment 2…………………………….…………..36
3.5 Statistical Analysis………………………….…………….38
Chapter 4 Result and Discussion………………………….…39
4.1 Result
4.1.1 Experiment 1………………………….………………39
4.1.2 Experiment 2………………………….………………57
4.2 Discussion
4.2.1 System comparison………………………….……….62
4.2.2 The problems encountered in developing the
system and the relevant resolution:………………..63
4.2.3 The plot of reconstruction of phase-space…………65
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Prospect ………………………..69
Appendix …..…………………….…………………………………71
References………………………….……………………………….77

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