在機械工程的領域中，工件表面輪廓之量測一直是個重要的課題。在科技日益精進，凡事都要求效率、精確的現代，許多新的量測技術都不斷地在開發中。而本論文的主旨，就是在於探討一個以雙CCD照相機為基礎的非接觸性光學量測系統。
雙CCD照相機光學量測系統，其基本原理與人體的雙眼立體視覺相同。簡要地說，當由兩部照相機分別獲得的兩個平面影像經過適當的處理、比對之後，則可得到交集的立體影像。這種光學量測系統不僅效率高，且可達到"一次多點"的量測效果。
本文利用光學的折射定理，以及光線追蹤的方法分析其基本原理，且以齊次轉換矩陣推導其控制方程式，並設計一電腦程式以輔助模擬、分析之用。最後則嘗試設計一實驗模型，且以電腦輔助模擬的方法分析及討論模擬之結果。

In this thesis, a binocular stereo vision system is designed to measure a 3-D surface coordinates. Instead of pin-hole model, the skew ray tracing is utilized to investigate the geometric relations between the images of cameras and the 3-D surface. The overall accuracy and resolution of each camera are also investigated by the sensitivity analysis. A calibration method is proposed to eliminate the effect of systematic errors. The theory of this measurement system and an experimental model founded on it was then built. The performance of this experimental model was evaluated as much more excellent compared to a pin-hole model by computer numerical simulations.

摘要i
英文摘要ii
誌謝iii
目錄iv
圖目錄vi
表目錄viii
第一章 緒論1
1.1 前言1
1.2 文獻回顧2
1.3 研究目的8
1.4 雙CCD照相機量測原理9
1.5 研究方法與步驟10
第二章 雙CCD照相機立體成像原理與其控制方程式12
2.1 雙照相機針孔立體成像原理12
2.2 齊次座標表示法16
2.3 幾何光學基本原理18
2.4 光學邊界曲面及其法線21
2.5 歪斜光線之追蹤23
2.6 平坦介面之歪斜光線追蹤27
2.7 球面邊界之歪斜光線追蹤29
第三章 光線在不同介面之靈敏度分析與雙CCD照相機系統之靈敏度分析32
3.1 折射線在平坦介面之靈敏度分析34
3.2 折射線在球形介面之靈敏度分析37
3.3 實際影像的幾何模擬38
3.4 雙CCD照相機之靈敏度分析44
第四章 程式之發展48
4.1 流程分析48
4.2 主程式50
4.3 副程式"Input"54
4.4 副程式"Trace"56
第五章 實驗設計與電腦模擬58
5.1 系統分析58
5.2 實驗設計69
5.3 電腦輔助模擬與分析81
第六章 結論85
參考文獻87

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