本研究的目的在探討運動選手目標取向、知覺父母導引的動機氣候與知覺能力對賽前狀態焦慮和運動樂趣之間的相關以及預測情形。受試者為參加台北市87學年度中等學校（國中組）柔道錦標賽選手，共計六隊，94人（男生64人；女生30人），平均年齡14.16±0.71歲。
本研究的結論顯示：
一、 經皮爾遜積差相關分析後發現：
（一）在賽前狀態性焦慮的相關部份
1.在目標取向方面
a.工作取向與自我取向呈正相關。
b.工作取向與賽前自信心呈正相關。
c.自我取向與賽前身體性焦慮和認知性焦慮呈正相關。
2.在知覺父母導引的動機氣候方面
a.學習樂趣氣候與賽前自信心呈正相關。
b.成果表現氣候與賽前身體性焦慮和認知性焦慮呈正相關。
c.擔憂疑慮氣候與賽前認知性焦慮呈正相關。
3.在知覺能力方面：與賽前自信心呈正相關；而與賽前身體性焦慮和認知性焦慮呈負相關。
（二）在運動樂趣的相關部份
1.在目標取向方面
a.工作取向與運動樂趣中的內在/成就和內在/非成就呈正相關。
b.自我取向與運動樂趣中的外在/成就呈正相關；而與內在/非成就呈負相關。
2.在知覺父母導引的動機氣候方面
a.學習樂趣氣候與運動樂趣中的內在/成就和內在/非成就呈正相關。
b.成果表現氣候與運動樂趣中的內在/成就呈負相關；而與外在/成就和外在/非成就呈正相關。
c.擔憂疑慮氣候與運動樂趣中的內在/成就和外在/非成就呈正相關。
3.在知覺能力方面：與運動樂趣的內在/成就呈正相關。
二、 經逐步迴歸分析後發現：
1.選手知覺的成果表現氣候、自我取向、知覺能力是賽前身體性焦慮的有效預測變項。
2.選手自我取向、知覺的成果表現氣候、與擔憂疑慮氣候、知覺能力是賽前認知性焦慮的有效預測變項。
3.選手知覺的學習樂趣氣候、知覺能力、工作取向、及知覺的成果表現氣候是賽前自信心的有效預測變項。
4.選手工作取向、知覺的學習樂趣氣候、及知覺的成果表現氣候是運動樂趣中的內在/成就有效預測變項。
5.選手知覺的學習樂趣氣候與工作取向是運動樂趣中的內在/非成就有效預測變項。
6.選手自我取向、知覺的成果表現氣候、及知覺的擔憂疑慮氣候是運動樂趣的外在/成就有效預測變項。
7.選手知覺的成果表現氣候、自我取向、及知覺能力是運動樂趣的外在/非成就的有效預測變項。
本研究大致符合個理論之相關與預測的方向。並且分別延伸現今運動心理學在目標取向理論、父母導引動機氣候和知覺能力在運動競賽焦慮和運動樂趣的研究發現。未來研究可結合其他相關社會認知理論如完美主義或自我呈現，並檢驗它們在運動相關情緒和行為方面的預測情形。

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of goal orientations, perceived parent-initiated motivational climate and perceived ability to Pre-competition State Anxiety and Sport Enjoyment. Subjects were 94 (male 64, female 30) youth judo players participated from six junior high school judo teams. Subjects’ mean age was 14.16±0.71 years. During a practice session and competition, subjects were quested to complete a questionnaire. Which assessed subjects’ goal orientations, perceived parent-initiated motivational climate, perceived judo ability, state anxiety, and their sport enjoyment.
The results of exploratory factor analyses and reliability analyses indicated that the Task and Ego Orientations in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ), Perceived Parent-Initiated Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PIMCQ), Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CASI-2) and Sport Enjoyment Questionnaire (SEQ) demonstrated acceptable construct validity and internal consistency.
The result of Pearson correlation analyses indicated that ego orientation and perceptions of a success-without-effort climate were positively associated with both cognitive and somatic anxiety. In contrast, perceptions of a worry-conducive climate were positively related to cognitive anxiety. Than task orientation and perceptions of a leaning enjoyment climate were positively related to self-confidence and negatively related to perceptions of a success-without-effort climate. Another perceived ability were positively related to self-confidence and negatively related to both cognitive and somatic anxiety. On the other hand, task orientation, perceptions of a success-without-effort climate, perceptions of a leaning enjoyment climate, perceptions of a worry-conducive climate, and perceived ability were positively related to intrinsic/achievement. Than task orientation and ego orientation were positively related to intrinsic/non-achievement. Than ego orientation, perceptions of a success-without-effort climate, perceptions of a leaning enjoyment climate, perceptions of a worry-conducive climate, and perceived ability were positively related to extrinsic/non-achievement. In contrast, ego orientation and perceptions of a success-without-effort climate were positively related to extrinsic/achievement.
The results of stepwise multiple-regression analysis were as follow: 1. Perceptions of a success-without-effort climate, ego orientation, and perceived ability were the three effective predictors of somatic anxiety. 2. Ego orientation, perceptions of a success-without-effort climate, perceptions of a worry-conducive climate, and perceived ability were the three effective predictors of cognitive anxiety. 3. Perceptions of a leaning enjoyment climate, perceived ability, task orientation, and perceptions of a success-without-effort climate were the four effective predictors of self-confidence. 4. Task orientation, perceptions of a leaning enjoyment climate, and perceptions of a success-without-effort climate were the three effective predictors of intrinsic/achievement. 5. Perceptions of a leaning enjoyment climate, and task orientation were the two effective predictors of intrinsic/non-achievement. 6. Ego orientation, perceptions of a success-without-effort climate, and perceptions of a worry-conducive climate were the three effective predictors of extrinsic/achievement. 7. Perceptions of a success-without-effort climate, ego orientation, perceived ability were the three effective predictors of extrinsic/non-achievement.
Based on the results of this study, parents should created positively task orientation and leaning enjoyment climate. The other hand, they avoid excessive emphasize success-without-effort climate and don’t care about worry-conducive climate. The implications and future directions of the study were also discussed.

第壹章 緒論
第一節 研究動機……………………………………….……1
第二節 研究目的……………………………….……………5
第三節 研究問題………………………………………….…6
第四節 名詞解釋…………………………………….………6
第貳章 文獻探討
第一節 運動目標取向理論………………………………..10
第二節 目標取向與知覺能力……………………………..17
第三節 目標取向與賽前狀態焦慮………………………..20
第四節 目標取向與運動樂趣……………………………..24
第五節 研究假設…………………………………………..26
第參章 研究方法
第一節 研究架構…………………………………………..28
第二節 預試………………………………………………..29
第三節 正式調查………………………………………....45
第四章 研究結果
第一節 受試者在各變項的基本統計描述…………….........46
第二節 目標取向、父母導引的動機氣候、
知覺能力對賽前狀態焦慮以及運動
樂趣的簡單相關分析…………………………...... 47
第三節 目標取向、父母導引的動機氣候、
知覺能力對賽前狀態焦慮以及運
動樂趣的逐步迴歸分析………………………................49
第伍章 討論
第一節 主要量表的分析……………………………….........57
第二節 目標取向、父母導引的動機氣候、
及知覺能力對賽前狀態焦慮與運
動樂趣的簡單相關分析………………………................62
第三節 目標取向、父母導引的動機氣候、
及知覺能力對賽前狀態焦慮與運
動樂趣的預測力………………………………................66
第陸章 結論與建議
第一節 結論……………………………………………….......71
第二節 建議……………………………………………….......75
參考文獻……………………………………………………………78
附錄一 運動目標取向量表（原稿）…………………………..88
附錄二 知覺父母導引的動機氣候量表（原稿）……………..89
附錄三 賽前狀態焦慮量表（原稿）……………………………92
附錄四 運動樂趣量表（原稿）…………………………………94
附錄伍 國中柔道選手運動經驗評鑑量表……………………..96
圖 表 次
表2-1 動機的動力過程………………………………………….15
表2-2 目標取向、知覺能力與成就行為的關係……………...17
圖3-1 研究架構………………………………………………….30
表3-1 運動目標取向量表項目分析與因素分析結果
摘要表…………………………………………………….32
表3-2 父母導引動機氣候量表項目分析與因素分析
結果摘要表……………………………………………….34
表3-3 運動賽前狀態焦慮量表項目分析與因素分析
結果摘要表……………………………………………….37
表3-4 運動樂趣量表項目分析與因素分析結果摘要表……...40
表3-5 各國中代表各隊受試者的基本資料…………………...43
表4-1 受試者在各變向上基本統計資料(平均數與標準差)...48
表4-2 目標取向、父母導引動機氣候、知覺能力對
賽前狀態焦慮和運動樂趣相關分析…………………...49
表4-3 以「賽前身體性焦慮」為效標變項的逐步迴
歸分析…………………………………………………….51
表4-4 以「賽前認知性焦慮」為效標變項的逐步迴
歸分析…………………………………………………….52
表4-5 以「賽前自信心」為效標變項的逐步迴歸分析……...53
表4-6 以「內在/成就」為效標變項的逐步迴歸分析………..54
表4-7 以「內在/非成就」為效標變項的逐步迴歸分析……..55
表4-8 以「外在/成就」為效標變項的逐步迴歸分析………..56
表4-9 以「外在/非成就」為效標變項的逐步迴歸分析……..57

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Vealey, R.S., ＆ Campbell, J.L. (1988). Achievement goals adolescent figure skaters: Impact on self-confidence, anxiety, and performance. Journal of Adolescent Research, 3: 227-243.
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