臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究針對影像套合流程中的各個步驟如特徵萃取、影像匹配、整體一致性檢查與系統誤差測試等，分別加以討論。然後結合各個步驟，發展出一套可適用於各式的影像，且以最少人工介入為標的的自動化影像套合方法。
經研究之後，該自動化流程如下：1.以TDGO興趣運算元找出明顯的特徵點位。2.以鬆弛法特徵匹配建立兩張影像的起始對應關係。如果鬆弛法匹配失敗，則改由人工選取兩對共軛點以建立起始對應關係。3.以標準化互相關匹配與最小二乘法匹配，匹配共軛點至次像元精度。4.利用中心透視投影之八參數轉換做為兩張影像之對應模式，並以Tau測試剔除具有較大誤差的共軛點位。5.以Ajne、Moore與Spearman三種系統誤差測試，檢驗數學模式是否適當。控制點之選取，採疊代方式逐漸加密，以找出適當的轉換參數。
實驗部分，分別利用航空立體像對、135相機拍攝掃瞄之近景影像與數位相機拍攝之影像作為實驗數據，進行測試。

The objective of this research is to investigate used procedures for image registration, such as feature extraction, image matching, consistency check and system error test. An automated image registration scheme is then developed.
The developed procedures include：1.Use the TDGO interest operator to find the feature point; 2.Utilize the relaxation method to establish the initial correspondence between the two registering images. If the relaxation method fails, manually digitize 2 pair of control points to set the initial correspondence between the two images for registration; 3.Use Normalized Cross-Correlation and Least-Squares Matching to match the image to the subpixel; 4.Utilize projective transformation as the mapping function and use Tau test for gross error detection; 5.Utilize the Ajne, Moore and Spearman statistical tests to examine the suitability of the mapping function. In order to obtain a better mapping function, the selection of matching points can be implemented iteratively.
Several image pairs from different sources, including scanned aerial photographs, images taken with a digital camera, are used in the experiments.

中文摘要I
英文摘要II
誌謝III
目錄IV
圖目錄VI
表目錄VII
第一章前言1
1-1研究動機與目的1
1-2研究方法與內容2
1-3論文架構4
第二章特徵萃取6
2-1興趣運算元6
2-1-1Moravec 運算元6
2-1-2Foerstner運算元8
2-1-3Lue運算元11
2-1-4TDGO運算元12
2-1-5LCF興趣元14
2-2興趣元的比較與分析15
第三章影像匹配25
3-1鬆弛法25
3-1-1匹配機率計算25
3-1-2最小誤差選擇 (Minimum Loss Selection Method, MLS)27
3-2標準化互相關法（NORMALIZED CROSS-CORRELATION, NCC）29
3-3最小二乘影像相關法（LEAST-SQUARES MATCHING, LSM）30
3-3-1LSM2平差模式31
3-3-2LSM2運算流程:33
第四章整體一致性檢查36
4-1八參數透視轉換36
4-1-1數學模式36
4-1-2平差
4-2TAU測試37
4-3系統誤差38
4-3-1理論基礎39
4-3-2圓形測試40
4-3-3列相關測試(Rank Correlation test）43
4-4實例測試43
第五章實驗成果48
第六章結論與建議55
參考文獻57
附錄A： Ajne test臨界值K分佈表59
附錄B： Moore test 臨界值 分佈表60
附錄C： Spearman test 臨界值 分佈表61
作者簡歷62

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