一般而言，土方工程是一切工程的基礎，近年來，北二高、南二高工程陸續的發包開工，由於土方量動輒上百萬方，加上機具需求量大，工期長，因此良好的土方載運規劃便顯得非常重要。傳統土方載運的規劃較少考量到同類型但工作能力不同、成本不同的資源（同類資源），如容量為7m3的卡車與15m3的卡車、膠輪式的刮運機與履帶式的刮運機、挖斗為1.53m3與挖斗2.35m3的挖土機等等。此外，傳統的土方工程規劃也較少針對機具等待閒置或利用率的問題，使得推估出來的工期與成本不但未能反應現場可能發生的狀況，尤其當土方數量大的時候，與實際狀況的落差更是明顯。
本研究以電腦模擬為基礎，考量影響土方載運的主要因素，如挖土機挖斗的大小、土方的數量、滾動阻力和斜坡阻力、土壤的種類、載運的距離等等。設計一套有系統的土方載運的模擬模式，模式中考量資源的閒置率、利用率與同類資源的組合選擇，讓管理規劃者能有效的根據現場不同的狀況安排最經濟的資源組合。
本研究之結論可歸納如下：
1.在有資源不限制但工期限制的土方規劃上，考量挖土機之同類資源在不同的距離、工期下皆有顯著的影響。
2.在有資源限制的土方規劃上，若須以最短工期之最經濟組合完成時，考量同類資源能節省土方載運的成本。

Essentially every large civil or building project involves earthmoving operation. It is not atypical for a highway project, for instance, to have to move more than 1,000,000-m3 earth between locations. Several mega projects, such as the second freeway, the high-speed railroad, and the rapid transit railways are currently underway in Taiwan, which all involve the movement of a huge amount of earth. Substantial amount of project cost can be saved with a better planning of the operation.
The earthmoving operation mainly involves the interaction of excavators and hauling trucks, while its efficiency also affected by factors such as the property of the earth, the moving distance, the road conditions, and so on. This research employs computer process simulation technique for the planning and analysis of earthmoving operation especially with the consideration of “similar resources.” Combinations of excavators and trucks with different capacities, performance efficiencies, and other attributes (similar resources) are tested out on a computer model (STROBOSCOPE) to study the significance of considering the “similar resources” in the planning and analysis of the operation. The objectives are to improve the productivity and the cost effectiveness of the earthmoving operation with optimized combinations (numbers and sizes) of excavators and hauling trucks employed in the operation.

目錄I
圖目錄III
表目錄IV
第一章 緒論1
1.1研究動機1
1.2研究目的1
1.3研究內容2
1.4研究範圍2
1.5研究方法與步驟2
1.6論文架構5
第二章 文獻探討6
2.1土方載運相關文獻6
2.2電腦模擬在營建作業相關研究8
2.3施工流程模擬語言的簡介10
2.4同類資源18
第三章 土方作業電腦模型之建立20
3.1土方載運作業特性介紹20
3.1.1土方工程的性質20
3.1.2土方載運施工機械20
3.2土方載運規劃的影響因素21
3.3土方載運施作流程建構27
3.3.1模型的假設27
3.3.2模型的建立28
3.4模型驗證30
3.5時間變數的推估32
第四章 同類資源考量之模擬分析37
4.1模擬案例設計38
4.2資源及工期都不限制的土方載運規劃40
4.3資源不限制但工期限制的土方載運規劃42
4.4資源限制的土方載運規劃55
4.5考慮大型土方機具之模擬64
第五章 結論與建議71
5.1結論71
5.2建議74
參考文獻76
附錄一 電腦模擬簡介80
附錄二 載運速率公式的證明87
附錄三 土方載運STROBOSCOPE程式碼89

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