臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

利用全球網的長週期表面波地震資料，配合純路徑法及區塊逆推法將中國大陸分成33的區塊，以推求中國大陸的三維剪力波(S波)速度構造，文中採用週期介於14~120秒的雷利波頻散資料共3760筆，結果表明中國大陸的構造側向變化明顯，大約以東經105為分界，將中國大陸分成東、西部各異之地殼及上部地函構造。由不同週期的群速、相速，顯示與大地構造分區有高度的相關性，尤其是群速的變化，說明了群速較相速更顯明的反應中國大陸構造間差異的特性。S波速度分布的結果表明大陸東部的地殼厚度可能在32~36公里間，而西部的地殼厚度由青藏高原的約70公里，向東向北遞減至45~60公里，在一些山脈有較厚的地殼(超過45公里)，如天山西段、阿爾泰山、阿爾金山等等，而許多盆地的地殼小於45公里，像塔里木盆地、準噶爾盆地等等，但在蒙古西部的科布多盆地與烏梁海盆地的地殼厚度在50~60公里左右。中朝地台是中國大陸內最老的陸塊，但在週期60秒後或深度在60公里以下，其東邊靠渤海一帶的群速呈現相對低速的分布，而其西邊的阿拉善台隆則呈現相對低速的分布，一些地球物理的證據支持這樣的結果，研究指出其東部的地熱流較西部為高，且中朝地台東部的震波衰減較西部高，此由於在中、新生代以來，太平洋板塊與歐亞大陸板塊碰撞，造成中朝地台東部的岩漿活動劇烈，而西部則緩。在青藏高原中部，存在地殼低速帶，深度約在20~50公里間，最低速度約3.3 km/sec，可能是有較高的孔隙壓或部份融熔所致，而西藏地區的上部地函地函S波速度接近一些地盾區地速度值，且在深度200公里以上並未發現上部地函低速層存在，這個地區可能是一個類地盾(shield-like)的構造。在一些褶皺區或其鄰近地區有明顯上部地函低速層，如華南褶皺區、內蒙大興安嶺褶皺區等，另外，揚子地台一部份、中朝地台近渤海處、塔里木盆地北部及蒙古大部分區域，仍有明顯的上部地函低速層。比較群速與S波速度構造的分布模式，發現在中國大陸地區，單由各週期群速的分布，就能反應出地下S波速度構造的差異。在西藏高原的羌塘塊體與松潘甘孜褶皺系，顯示沒有地函頂蓋的構造，可能與火山活動致使地函物質上湧與地殼物質混合有關。一個高速的等值線由印度向西藏地區隱沒，深度至少達150公里，一般解釋為印度洋板塊隱沒於西藏南邊；青藏高原與塔里木盆地之間，被羌塘塊體的低速結構所分隔，地函物質在兩個穩定地塊間有上湧的現象，而在西藏南緣有一呈垂直的高速度分布，表示此處岩石圈有垂直運動的跡象。

Long-period fundamental-mode group and phase velocities of Rayleigh waves with period range between 14 and 120 seconds along 3760 ray paths across the China have been determined by single-station method. The Mainland China and its surroundings were divided into 488 blocks with each size of 33 in latitude and longitude. Tomographic images of group and phase velocity of China were obtained through block inversion method with a smoothness constraint. By inverting dispersion curve of each block, the 3-D shear wave velocity structures of China were constructed. Results show clearly that significantly lateral structure variations exist in the crust and upper mantle under the Mainland China and the east-west division of stricture at 105E longitude can be obviously indicated down to depths of 110 km as well. There were strong relationships between images of group and phase velocity and tectonics in China, especially distribution of group velocity. On basis of these results, crustal thickness of the eastern China is about 32~36 km and has a trend of westward thickening. Crustal thickness is approximately 70 km beneath the Himalaya. However, crustal thickness in the west and north of Tibetan plateau decreased by degrees. Many Mountain Ranges have thicker crust in excess of 45 km, such as the western of Tien Shan and Altay Shan. Nevertheless, for a great number of basins, crustal thickness is less than 45 km, such as Tarim and Junggar basin. The Sino-Korean platform is the oldest platform in China, but S wave velocities within the region failed to appear high velocity, except the Alax uplift located in the west of Sino-Korean platform. The east of Sino-Korean platform can be characterized by high heat flow. Instead, the values of heat flow in the west of Sino-Korean platform are lower as many stable continents. In central Tibetan plateau, a low velocity zone with the lowest velocity of 3.3 km/s appears at depths of 20 to 50 km, probably resulted from high pore pressure or partial melting. S wave velocities of upper mantle in region of Tibet are similar to those in Shield area and a low velocity zone of upper mantle fail to be discovered. Accordingly, we considered the structure of Tibet as a like-shield structure. There are obvious upper mantle low velocity zone in many fold systems, such as Mongolia, South China fold system and I.M-D.H fold system. Compare the tomographic image of group velocity and S wave velocity, the two images have resemble pattern to account for that it may be able to response the differences of S wave velocity structures beneath the Mainland China through distribution of Rayleigh-wave group velocity by itself. Structures in the Chang-Thang block revealed a feature of ‘No LID’ upper mantle structure. An image of fast velocity anomaly under the southern Tibet reaches down 150 km at least. In general, the phenomenon was suggested that the India Ocean lithosphere is sinking into the Tibet. From those vertical profiles of S wave velocities along the Tibet from north to south, a vertical fast velocity anomaly exit in the south of Tibet. The vertical motions of lithosphere seem a reasonable explanation.

封面
摘要
誌謝
目錄
圖目
表目
第一章 緒論
1.1 研究動機與目的
1.2 文獻回顧
1.3 研究地區特徵描述
1.4 本文內容
第二章 地震資料的來源、選取與分析
2.1 地震資料的來源與選取
2.2 表面波頻散速度的計算
2.3 相速計算程式的測試
2.4 震源對群速及相速計算的影響
2.5 討論
第三章 中國大陸群速及相速的分佈
3.1 純路徑法的應用及逆推原理
3.2 逆推程式測試及逆推前的解析度探討
3.3 群速及相速分布的特徵及討論
3.4 結論
第四章 中國大陸三維剪力波速度的影像
4.1 構造逆推方法
4.2 剪力波速度構造分布與討論
4.3 結論
第五章 總結
參考文獻
附錄 A
附錄 B
英文摘要
作者簡介

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