近年來由於 Internet 的快速成長，建構於 Internet 之上的無線存取服務亦產生了大量的行動通訊與運算需求。很明顯的，在無線網路環境中提供連續、不間斷的網際網路連結將是未來的一大趨勢。
資源保留協定 (RSVP) 為一種接收端導向的網際網路控制協定 (Internet control protocol) ，可提供主機服務品質的保證；而構建於網際網路協定 (Internet Protocol) 之上的行動式網際網路協定 (Mobile IP) 則提供了應用程式與較高層協定如傳輸控制協定 (TCP)、資源保留協定 (RSVP) 之可移動式的透通性；前述的行動式網際網路協定 (Mobile IP) 卻有一個廣為人知的問題存在，那就是三角路徑 (Triangle Routing)。而此種非對稱性的路徑對於通訊延遲與網路資源浪費帶來了顯著與潛在的額外負擔，同時資源保留協定 (RSVP) 與行動式網際網路協定 (Mobile IP) 亦無法為可移動式的主機保留任何的網路資源。
在本研究中，我們將描述資源保留協定 (RSVP) 與行動式網際網路協定 (Mobile IP) 的特性，並由此提出一個行動節點位置宣傳協定 (MNLA)，來加強未來即時通訊的能力，並將資源保留協定 (RSVP) 整合於行動式網際網路協定 (Mobile IP) 之上。

Over last few years, we have seen the continuous growth of Internet. The wireless access services on Internet also have created great demands of mobile communication and computing. Obviously, it is the trend to provide mobile hosts with continuous Internet connectivity in wireless environment.
RSVP, a receiver-oriented simplex Internet control protocol, can provide hosts with guaranteed QoS on Internet. Mobile IP, built on the Internet Protocol, can make mobility transparent to applications and higher level protocols like TCP and RSVP. There is a well-known problem with Mobile IP, that is, Triangle Routing. Owing to the asymmetrical routing, it incurs significant and potential overhead in communication delay and network resource squander, also RSVP on Mobile IP would not be able to reserve network resource for mobile hosts.
In this research, we will describe the features of Mobile IP and RSVP first, then we will propose a protocol named MNLA which is an extension to Mobile IP to enhance the capability of future real-time communication and to integrate RSVP into Mobile IP.

Contents
ABSTRACT (CHINESE)………………………………………………………….…I
ABSTRACT (ENGLISH)….…………………………………………………….…II
CONTENTS…………………………………………………………………….…III
FIGURES…………..………………………………………………………...………V
1. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………1
1.1 BACKGROUND………………………..……......………………………………………………………1
1.2 PROBLEM……………...………………………...………………………………………………………2
1.3 OBJECTIVE……………………..………………………………………..………………………………2
1.4 RESEARCH FRAMEWORK…………………………………………..………………………………2
1.5 TERMINOLOGY……………………..………...………………………..………………………………3
2. TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW…………………………………………...………5
2.1 RESOURCE RESERVATION PROTOCOL...…………..……………………….…………………5
2.1.1 Introduction ……………………….…...………………………………………………………………5
2.1.2 Traffic Control Mechanisms…………………………...…………………………………………7
2.1.3 Two Types of Messages to Make Reservation……………………………………………8
2.1.4 Triggered by Receivers……...……………………………………………………………………10
2.1.5 Co-operate with Routing Protocols………………….…………………..…………………11
2.1.6 RSVP Summary……...……………………...……………………………………………….………11
2.2 MOBILE IP PROTOCOL...………………………………………………………13
2.2.1 Introduction …………………………………...………………………………………….……………13
2.2.2 Terminology……………………………………………………………………………….……………13
2.2.3 Mobile IP Overview…………………………………………………………………...……………16
2.2.4 Mobile Agent Discovery - Agent Advertisement………………………….…………18
2.2.5 Encapsulation…………….……………………………………………………………………………19
2.2.6 Tunneling……………………………………….…………………………………………...……………20
2.2.7 Route Optimization …………………..………………………………………..……………………21
3. THE MNLA PROTOCOL…………………………………..…………...………22
3.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT...….……………………………………….………………………………22
3.1.1 RSVP and Integrated Services …………………………………..……………………………22
3.1.2 IP Mobility Support…………………………………………………………………………………23
3.1.3 Interoperability Issues between RSVP and Mobile IP….…………………………25
3.2 MOBILE NODE LOCATION ADVERTISEMENT (MNLA)...………...……………………25
3.2.1 MNLA Overview…………………………...…………………………………………………………26
3.2.2 Basic Operation…………………………………………………..…………………….…….………28
3.2.3 Using RSVP with MNLA ………………………….……………………………………………34
3.3 DISCUSSION...……………...………………………………………………….………………………35
4. SUMMARY AND SUGGESTION………………………………………………37
4.1 SUMMARY...…………………………………………………….………………..…………………37
4.2 SUGGESTION..……………………………………………….………………...…………………38
5. REFERENCES…………………………………..…………………..…...………39

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[9] S. Deering, ed., "ICMP Router Discovery Messages," RFC 1256, September 1991.
[10] S. Deering and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification," RFC 1883, December 1995.
[11] Z. Daniel and K. Jeff, "RSRR: A Routing Interface For RSVP," draft-ietf-rsvp-routing-02.ps, June 1998.
[12] B. Johnson and A. Maltz, "Protocols for Adaptive wireless and Mobile Networking," IEEE Personal Communications, February 1996.
[13] D. Katz, ed., "IP Router Alert Option," RFC 2113, February 1997.
[14] Microsoft, "Communications and Networking Services," http://www.microsoft.com/windows/server/Overview/features/networking.asp
[15] Microsoft, "Enabling Quality of Service Windows Sockets-based Mission-Critical Applications," http://www.microsoft.com/windows/server/Technical/networking/enablingQOS.asp
[16] C. Perkins, ed., "IPv4 Mobility Support," RFC 2002, October 1996.
[17] C. Perkins, ed., "IP Encapsulation within IP," RFC 2003, October 1996.
[18] C. Perkins, ed., "Minimal Encapsulation within IP," RFC 2004, October 1996.
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[22] C. Perkins and B. Johnson, "Route Optimization in Mobile IP," draft-ietf-mobileip-optim-08.txt, February 1999.
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[24] J. Solomon, ed., "Applicability Statement for IP Mobility Support," RFC 2005, October 1996.
[25] W. Simpson, ed., "IP in IP Tunneling," RFC 1853, October 1995.
[26] J. Wroclawski, ed., "The Use of RSVP with IETF Integrated Services," RFC 2210, September 1997.
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