臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究收集1998年7月17日瑞里地震發生前與發生後的航空照片及衛星影像，據以判釋崩塌地位置及其面積，並探討瑞里地震所誘發山崩的特性，包括其類型、分佈及數量等。以MapInfo地理資訊系統建置山崩圖層，並利用此系統的空間分析功能，分析山崩與地震震央距離、岩性、區域構造、道路、水系、坡度及坡向等之關係。
經比對地震前後的崩塌地之後，瑞里地震引發之山崩共有847個，其位置大部份都在水平最大地動加速度250gal以上的區域，其它則零星散佈在80gal~250gal的範圍。山崩區域略呈橢圓狀的分佈，其長軸方向（NNE）與區域構造線方位大略平行。
此次瑞里地震所誘發的山崩主要分佈在離震央15公里（大約為水平最大地動加速度250gal以內）之範圍內，而由各項分析結果顯示：（1）山崩主要發生在坡度55% 以上之山坡；（2）坡向為N、NW、W、SW、S等五個方向的山坡較容易發生山崩；（3）以卓蘭層及錦水頁岩最容易受到震動的影響而崩落；（4）此次誘發之山崩，若不考慮小規模之路基塌陷，並沒有特別集中在道路兩旁的現象；（5）距水系200公尺的範圍內是比較容易產生崩塌的地區。
山崩大部份位在觸口斷層的上盤地區（佔山崩總面積96.77%），只有少部份位在其下盤區域（佔山崩總面積3.23%）；反之，鹿窟斷層上盤的山崩只佔了山崩總面積的44.43%，而其下盤區域的山崩卻佔了山崩總積積的55.57%。且發生山崩的山坡，其坡向相當一致，絕大部份指向西方，與地震斷層面解上所示斷層上盤的運動方向大略一致，故我們可以合理地推論，此次地震很可能是觸口斷層移動，而比較不可能是鹿窟斷層移動。

Landslides Triggered by Jueili Earthquake
Tai Fong Huang
Abstract
A large number of landslides were triggered by the Jueili Earthquake (ML 6.2) on 17 July 1998. These landslides have been mapped from aerial photographs and satellite images in this study. By using GIS (Geographic Information System) as a tool, we can construct a table of landslides and analyze their characteristics, including styles, distribution, areas and numbers, …etc. The distribution and areas of landslides have been compared with the distance from the earthquake foci, rock types, faults, roads, rivers, hill slopes and slope directions.
There were 847 landslides occurred during major earthquake shaking. These landslides were distributed in an ellipse-shaped region with the major axis striking NNE; coinciding with the trend of regional faults. These landslides were mostly located within the area of PGA value 250gal and above and within the area about 15 km from the foci. Statistics shows the following results: (1) slopes with inclination larger than 55% involves more landslides. (2) most N, NW, W, SW, and S facing slopes have collapsed, whereas slopes facing to other directions were not so seriously damaged. (3) the Cholan Formation and the Chinsui Shale were more easily influenced by the earthquake shaking. (4) landslides are not concentrated besides the roads; this may due to those small-scaled landslides were not mapped in the study. (5) the area within distance 200 meters from river was more easily to collapse.
Most of the landslides that triggered by the Jueili Earthquake were located in the area of hanging-wall of the Chukou fault (96.77% of total areas of landslides) and only a few landslides were located in the area of footwall (3.23% of total areas of landslides). While there were 44.43% of total areas of landslides located in the hanging-wall of the Luku fault and 55.57% of total areas of landslides located in the foot wall. Moreover, landslides were mostly located at those slopes facing to the west. This direction is happenly similar to the slip direction of the fault block as indicated by the earthquake focal mechanism. According to these results, we can reasonably infer that the Jueili Earthquake is more likely due to movement of the Chukou fault than due to movement of the Luku fault.

目　　錄
頁數
中文摘要………………………………………………………………….Ⅰ
誌謝……………………………………………………………………….Ⅱ
目錄……………………………………………………………………….Ⅲ
圖目……………………………………………………………………….Ⅵ
表目……………………………………………………………………….Ⅷ
第一章 緒論
1.1 研究動機與目的……………………………………………….1
1.2 前人研究……………………………………………………….3
1.3 研究方法及流程……………………………………………….6
第二章 瑞里地震及研究區概述
2.1 瑞里地震概述…………………………………………………. 9
2.1.1瑞里地震……………………………………………………. .9
2.1.2瑞里地震造成之災害………………………………………. .9
2.2 研究區概述……………………………………………………12
2.2.1區域地質概述…………………………………………………12
2.2.2地形概述…………………………………………………….13
2.2.3區域地質構造概述………………………………………….14
第三章 瑞里地震誘發之山崩
3.1 資料收集………………………………………………………23
3.1.1法國SPOT衛星影像………………………………………..23
3.1.2影像處理……………………………………………………..24
3.1.3航空照片……………………………………………………..25
3.1.4數值地形模型………………………………………………..25
3.2 瑞里地震誘發之山崩…………………………………………29
3.2.1崩塌地判釋…………………………………………………..29
3.2.2地震誘發之山崩……………………………………………..29
第四章 山崩數量與各項促崩因子的關係
4.1 山崩面積與地震震度的關係………………………………....36
4.2 山崩面積與地層性質的關係………………………………....39
4.3 山崩面積與道路遠近的關係………………………………....39
4.4 山崩面積與水系遠近關係…………………………………....43
4.5 山崩面積與山坡坡度的關係………………………………....46
4.6 山崩面積與山坡坡向的關係………………………………....46
第五章 討論
5.1 崩塌地判釋的問題…………………………………………....55
5.2 分析方法的討論………………………………………………56
5.3 分析結果的討論...………………………………………….…56
5.4 山崩分佈與斷層運動的關係………………………………....58
第六章 結論與建議
6.1 結論……………………………………………………...……65
6.2 建議…………………………………………………………...66
參考文獻………………………………………………………….……...67
英文摘要………………………………………………………………….69
圖版……………………………………………………………………….70
圖 目
圖1.1 地震誘發之山崩距震央距離關係圖……………………….… 4
圖1.2 日本1978年Izu-Ohshima Kinkai地震誘發之山崩分佈圖… 5
圖1.3 研究流程圖……………………………………………………. 8
圖2.1 瑞里地震驅動之測站位置及其等震度線圖………………….17
圖2.2 瑞里地震主震及餘震震央位置圖…………………………….18
圖2.3 地震中受損學校位置分佈圖………………………………….19
圖2.4 研究區域地質圖……………………………………………….20
圖2.5 研究區域地形彩繪明暗圖…………………………………….21
圖2.6 A-A''地質剖面及瑞里地震主震與餘震震源分佈圖……………………………………………………………….
22
圖3.1 瑞里地震後航空照片涵蓋圖………………………………….27
圖3.2 瑞里地震前航空照片涵蓋圖………………………………….28
圖3.3 瑞里地震後崩塌地分佈圖…………………………………….31
圖3.4 瑞里地震前崩塌地分佈圖…………………………………….32
圖3.5 舊崩塌地中誘發之山崩示意圖……………………………….33
圖3.6 瑞里地震誘發之山崩位置圖………………………………….34
圖3.7 山崩面積百分比等值線圖…………………………………….35
圖4.1 距不同震央距離分區示意圖………………………………….37
圖4.2 不同震央距離分區之崩壞比長條圖………………………….38
圖4.3 震度六級以上區域不同地層崩壞比長條圖………………….40
圖4.4 距道路距離範圍圖…………………………………………….41
圖4.5 震度六級以上區域不同道路距離分區之崩壞比長條圖……43
圖4.6 距水系距離範圍圖…………………………………..………...44
圖4.7 震度六級以上區域不同水系距離分區之崩壞比長條圖……45
圖4.8 震度六級以上區域坡度圖…………………………………….48
圖4.9 震度六級以上不同坡度山坡崩壞網格比長條圖…………….49
圖4.10震度六級以上區域坡向分區示圖…………………………….50
圖4.11震度六級以上區域坡向圖…………………………………….51
圖4.12震度六級以上各分區不同坡向山坡崩壞網格比長條圖……54
圖5.1航空照片可判釋而衛星影像未判釋出之山崩分佈圖……….60
圖5.2 1971年San Fernado Fault活動造成斷層上盤之道路產生裂縫……………………………………………………………… 61
圖5.3 逆斷層活動時上盤受力示意圖……………………………….61
圖5.4 斷層上下盤位置示意圖……………………………………….62
圖5.5 不同斷層分區之山坡崩壞比長條圖………...………………..64
表 目
表1.1 1900年以來臺灣陸地重要地震及其災害統計表…………… 2
表2.1 地震震度解說表……………………………………………….10
表2.2 研究區域地層年代表………………………………………….12
表3.1 瑞里地震前與地震後之航照編號及拍攝日期表………..…...26
表4.1 不同震央距離之崩壞比一覽表……………………………….38
表4.2 震度六級以上區域不同地層內山崩崩壞比一覽表………….40
表4.3 震度六級以上區域不同道路距離分區之崩壞比一覽表……42
表4.4 震度六級以上區域不同水系距離分區之崩壞比一覽表……45
表4.5 震度六級以上不同坡度山坡之崩壞網格比一覽表………….49
表4.6 震度六級以上各分區不同坡向山坡之崩壞網格比一覽表…52
表5.1 不同斷層分區之崩壞比一覽表……………………………….63

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