本研究以UV/H2O2程序處理水中氯苯類污染物，並探討光強度、溶液pH值、H2O2添加量及污染物初始濃度等操作因子，對於三種二氯苯污染物(1,2-、1,3- 和1,4-dichlorobenzene, DCB)之處理效果的影響。此外，本研究就污染物的分解反應速率、脫氯現象、中間產物之生成變化趨勢、能量消耗及減毒效果等，分別加以分析探討，藉以暸解最適的操作條件。
實驗結果顯示，1,3-及1,4-DCB的分解反應速率，隨pH的增加而有下降的趨勢，而1,2-DCB在pH=3~9之間，其分解反應速率反而有隨pH增加而上升的趨勢，不過，在高pH情況下，系統受到鹼催化作用的影響，均會導致分解速率明顯的下降。當紫外光光強度增強時，可明顯提高DCB的去除速率，然而當光強度超過6.5mW/cm2時，反應速率增加的趨勢，則有減緩的現象。三種二氯苯均有相同的最適H2O2添加量(H2O2/C0=42)，但超過此添加量時，反應速率不再隨H2O2添加量的增加而有顯著的增加。此外，1,2-及1,3-DCB的初始濃度在10-4 M以下時，對反應速率的影響並無明顯的差異，但1,4-DCB的反應速率則會隨初始濃度增加，而有明顯減小的趨勢。本研究結果顯示，三種二氯苯在UV/H2O2系統中的分解反應速率大小，依序為1,4-DCB＞1,3-DCB＞1,2-DCB。另一方面，在大部份的操作條件下，二氯苯於反應時間40分鐘內，可完全脫氯，中間產物(以總有機碳表示)濃度，於20分鐘內達到最大值，此後即繼續礦化為最終安定產物(無機碳)。此外，本研究根據系統的EE/O值結果得知，在酸性條件、高H2O2添加量、低污染物初始濃度及高光強度情況下，系統所需的能量最小。而毒性試驗分析結果顯示，三種二氯苯經分解後，初期所產生之中間產物，其毒性皆較原污染物為高，其中，以溶液初始pH值為7時，其中間產物所具有的毒性最大；而溶液初始pH值為11時，產生的毒性最低，且能夠迅速於20分鐘內達到完全減毒的效果。
本研究初步認為，以UV/H2O2系統處理二氯苯污染物，其最適的操作條件為光強度=6.5 mW/cm2，pH=5，H2O2/C0 = 10。在此操作條件下，反應時間為180分鐘時，可達到80％以上完全礦化的效果。至於減毒的最適操作條件為光強度= 6.5 mW/cm2，pH=11，H2O2/C0 = 42，其在反應時間20分鐘時，二氯苯溶液便可達到完全減毒的效果。

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficiency of UV/H2O2 system for decomposing 1,2-, 1,3- and 1,4-dichlorobenzene (DCB) presented in aqueous solution. The factors affected the system performance, included UV light intensity, solution pH, H2O2 dosage and initial pollutant concentration, were studied. In addition, the reaction rate of DCB decomposition and dechlorination, the tendency of intermediate formation, energy consumption, and toxicity reduction were analyzed in order to establish the optimum operation conditions for the UV/H2O2 system.
Experimental results revealed that the reaction rate of decomposing 1,3- and 1,4-DCB decreased with the increase of pH and the rate for 1,2-DCB increased with the increase of pH in the range of 3 to 9. However, the degradation rate of DCB was reduced at higher pH due to H2O2 was undergoing a base-catalyzed decomposition. The effect of UV light intensity showed that the decomposition rate of DCB increased with the increase of light intensity, but the effect became insignificant as the light intensity was greater than 6.5 mW/cm2. Similarly, the degradation rate of DCB increased with the increase of H2O2 dosage up to H2O2/C0 = 42. Beyond this optimum dosage, however, the increase of degradation rate was negligible. The effect of initial DCB concentration on the decomposition rate was insignificant for 1,2- and 1,3-DCB at the concentration below 10-4M, but the rate was decreased with the concentration increased for 1,4-DCB. In general, the degradation rate of DCB in UV/H2O2 system was in the order of 1,4-DCB＞1,3-DCB＞1,2-DCB. Additionally, this study found that DCB could be completely dechlorination within 40 minutes and the concentration of intermediates based on TOC reach the maximum value in 20 minutes and then decreased gradually due to mineralization. The value of electrical energy per order (EE/O) indicated that the smallest energy consumption was occurred at the conditions of lower pH, higher H2O2 dosage, lower initial pollutant concentration and higher light intensity. The result of Microtox analysis revealed that the toxicity of intermediates formed initially was greater than that of original target compound, but the system could reach complete detoxification after 20 minutes.
In summary, the most suitable operating conditions for UV/H2O2 system to destroy DCB found in this study were UV light intensity = 6.5 mW/cm2, pH=5 and H2O2/C0=10. In which, greater than 80% mineralization was obtained within 180 minutes of reaction time. If complete detoxification of DCB in aqueous solution was expected, it would take about 20 minutes of reaction time under the optimum operating conditions of UV light intensity = 6.5 mW/cm2, pH=11 and H2O2/C0=42.

摘要 Ⅰ
目錄 Ⅲ
圖目錄 Ⅴ
表目錄 Ⅸ
第一章 前言 1
1-1 研究緣起 1
1-2 研究目的與內容 2
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2-1 氯苯類化合物之性質、用途及影響 4
2-2 紫外光/過氧化氫程序的反應理論 11
2-2-1 紫外光氧化程序 11
2-2-2 過氧化氫之物化特性 12
2-2-3 氫氧自由基的特性 13
2-2-4 苯環上的親電子性取代反應 15
2-2-5 紫外光/過氧化氫程序的氧化反應 17
2-3 紫外光/過氧化氫程序之影響因素 21
2-3-1 溶液pH值效應 21
2-3-2 紫外光光強度效應 23
2-3-3 過氧化氫添加量效應 25
2-3-4 反應物初始濃度效應 26
2-3-5 捕捉劑(scanvenger) 27
2-4 UV/H2O2系統之反應動力 29
2-5 毒性試驗 32
2-5-1 Microtox試驗 33
2-5-2 毒性表示法 34
2-5-3 Microtox試驗的應用範圍 35
第三章 實驗設備、材料與方法 38
3-1 實驗儀器 38
3-2 實驗藥品 39
3-3 實驗裝置 41
3-4 實驗步驟 43
3-5 分析方法 47
3-6 能量效率之計算方法 56
第四章 結果與討論 58
4-1 背景實驗 58
4-1-1 揮發實驗 58
4-1-2 直接氧化實驗 60
4-1-3 直接光解實驗 61
4-2 光催化過氧化氫分解氯苯類化合物 65
4-2-1 溶液pH效應 65
4-2-2 紫外線光強度效應 77
4-2-3 過氧化氫添加量效應 86
4-2-4 污染物初始濃度效應 96
4-2-5 兩階段光反應速率 103
4-2-6 綜合討論 110
4-2-7 能量效率 113
4-3 毒性試驗 115
4-3-1 背景實驗 116
4-3-2 氯苯類污染物反應前後之毒性分析 118
第五章 結論與建議 130
5-1 結論 130
5-2 建議 133
參考文獻 134
附錄 A-1

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