本研究之目的即以本省氣候型態設定不同溫度處理，試驗分 析暖季型草坪草類之百慕達草在低溫寒害下之生理與生長之變化，並在寒流來襲時於本省不同地區進行現場採樣分析與調查為比對，期以生長箱試驗的結果建立一模式，應用在預測寒害將對百慕達草造成生理及生長影響之程度。試驗分別於環控植物生長箱內，設定不同溫度處理及田間實地採樣進行觀察分析。在環控生長箱以百慕達草〝Tifgreen〞[Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.× C.transvaalensis Burtt-Davy]、〝Tifway〞與〝Tifdwarf〞[Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.× C.transvaalensis Burtt-Davy]為試驗材料，分別設定(日溫/夜溫)32/25℃、25/18℃、18/13℃、15/8℃及13/5℃等五種不同溫度處理。田間實地採樣係分別擇定本省北、中、南部各一高爾夫球場為樣區，以果嶺為採樣點，草種均為〝Tifdwarf〞，採集寒流當日、三日後及一週後之草樣。試驗結果顯示：在生長箱試驗中，低溫處理(15/8℃, 13/5℃)下三草種均明顯地有草鮮重、株高減少及覆蓋率下降與草色衰褪等情況；葉綠素含量在低溫下會降低，類胡蘿蔔素含量的變化不顯著，但低溫初期略有增加的情況，而花青素在低溫初期則會有明顯大幅增加的情況；然而各植物色素含量之變化與外在草色的呈現並無顯著相關性。水溶性蛋白質、可溶性糖及澱粉含量在低溫時也會有大量增加(累積)的情況。參試草種中以〝Tifgreen〞在生長表現及生理變化上顯現有較佳之耐寒性，而〝Tifway〞顯得耐寒性較差。在實地採樣分析中，內在的生理改變均類似在生長箱試驗的低溫處理中之情況。但南部地區由於所遭受的低溫不若北部及中部地區低，因此在生理變化上沒有如北部及中部地區明顯且劇烈的反應。

Previous research on bermudagrass exposed to different temperatures region showed that when the grass exposed to low temperatures, the plant a complete lost its pigmentation and became dormant. This reduced growth and subsequent discoloration is result of physiological disruptions, which are referred to as chilling injury. However, according to the observations in sub-tropical and tropical area such as Taiwan, the responses are somewhat different. Thus, this research focuses mainly on the growth and physiological responses of three commonly used bermudagrass cultivars in Taiwan when it was exposed to chilling temperature. To investigate the variation of pigment contents that correlated with turf colors, two different experiment were conducted. First, three commonly used bermudagrass cultivars 〝Tifgreen〞、〝Tifway〞and〝Tifdwarf〞were grown in controlled environment with 32/25℃、25/18℃、18/13℃、15/8℃ and 13/5℃(day/night ℃) treatments. Second, field samples of “Tifdwarf” bermudagrass in golf coarse greens from different locations in Taiwan were collected and analyzed for their physiological responses when temperature were below 15℃ in winter of December 1998 to February 1999. The results showed that response of bermudagrass to chilling were leaf discoloration, reduce turfgrasses density, reduced fresh weight and decreased plant hight. The physiological responses to the chilling indicated a significant change of pigment content following exposure to chilling conditions. The contents of chlorophyll decreased with prolong exposure to chilling conditions. The carotenoid contents were not significantly changed, and anthocyanins contents were greatly increased during early stages of chilling conditions. However, the exchange of pigment contents were not significantly correlated with turf color rating. The contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar and starch were increased or accumulated with extended chilling conditions. With low temperature treatments, 〝Tifgreen〞showed less variation on growth and physiological responses and was more cold-tolerent then 〝Tifway〞and〝Tifdwarf〞.In field tests similar results were obtained. The low temperatures of southern Taiwan were not as significant or prolong as in the north or central parts of Taiwan, hence “Tifdwarf” turf showed no significant physiological change during the winter.

壹、 前言…………………………………………….……….1
貳、 前人研究
一、 百慕達草之品種與特性 ………………..………...3
二、 寒害的發生 ……………………………….………4
三、寒害對百慕達草生理與代謝之影響
(一)、光合作用的降低 …………….………………5
(二)、呼吸作用受擾亂 …………………………….5
(三)、碳水化合物的代謝與合成受阻 …………..6
(四)、蛋白質的合成與代謝速率降低 …………..7
(五)、植物色素的變化 …………………………..7
(六)、內生植物荷爾蒙含量的變化 ……………..8
(七)、其它 ………………………………………..8
四、寒害對百慕達草生長與形態之影響
(一)、生長發育減緩 ………………………….….9
(二)、植株形態的變化 …………………….…….9
(三)、草色的轉變 ………..……………….…….9
(四)、草坪密度及覆蓋率的降低 ………….……10
(五)、病蟲害的滋生 …………………………...10
參、試驗材料與方法
一、 不同溫度階層生長箱試驗
(一)、生長特性調查 ……………………………...11
(二)、內在的細胞色素含量及生理代謝產物
之分析 ……………………………………….12
二、實地採樣分析調查 ………………………… ………14
肆、結果與討論
一、不同溫度階層生長箱試驗結果
(一)、品種間之差異性 ……………………………….15
(二)、不同溫度階層處理下百慕達草各生長及
生理特性反應 ………………………………….25
(三)、百慕達草品種與處理溫度間之交感反應 …….41
(四)、百慕達草於處理期間各植物色素與草色
相關性分析 …………………………………….43
二、實地採樣分析調查 …………………………………..45
參考文獻
附錄
附錄一 草色等級評估標準
附錄二 中央氣象局87年1月-88年3月每日最高
及最低氣溫資料

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