臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣高速鐵路使用單相電源供電至電車線上，以提供列車內的牽引馬達所需電力，因牽引驅動電路中大量使用整流器、換流器等電力電子設備，而使列車產生諧波，注入至電車線。因此針對諧波與相關電磁干擾等問題進行研究，以評估其影響性。
本研究主要分為兩個部份，在第一部份，首先就整體供電區間建立等效電路模型，使用電磁暫態程式輔助估算模型參數，並提出利用線性轉換技巧，以簡單規則化方式逐一建立起整體的等效導納矩陣。範圍包括：涵蓋電車線、鐵軌、負饋線、接地線，以及牽引動力變電站之主變壓器、台電側的等效阻抗值等。撰寫程式模擬此高鐵供電系統的諧波潮流與諧波共振現象。此外，考量高鐵變電站不同的主變壓器接線情況(包括單相、V型、史考特型與勒不朗型等接線)，推算其諧波電流注入於台電161 kV側的大小值，並評估是否符合我國的諧波管制標準。
本研究的第二部份，針對台灣高鐵的自耦變壓器饋電方式，模擬列車運行所須的饋電電流所造成的鐵軌地電位上升與洩漏地電流等現象，是否符合安全規範，此外，計算上述諧波電流對於鄰近之通信線所造成的雜音感應電壓；並依據高鐵電車線、負饋線、鐵軌等幾何分佈結構模擬基頻磁場的分佈，評估磁場對於對周圍環境相關設備的影響。

For Taiwan High Speed Railway System (HSR), the traction motor loads are provided by single-phase power supply. The great amount of power electronics application to the motor driving circuits such as rectifiers and inverters result in the harmonic current flow to the railway catenary system. This thesis studies the harmonic flow and related electromagnetic interference so to evaluate their influence.
The thesis comprises of two parts. In the first part, we present the construction of an equivalent circuit model including the evaluation of model parameters for the complete power supply system by using the ElectroMagnetic Transient Program (EMTP). Then by using the linear transformation technique, we derive systematically the circuit bus admittance matrix. Base on this matrix, we then evaluate the characteristics of harmonic power flow and simulate the harmonic resonance phenomena. Also, we calculate the amount of harmonic current injection into the Taiwan power system at the high-speed railway substation by accounting various types of transformer connection, which include the single-phase, V-, Scott, and Leblanc connections.
In the second part of the thesis, we study the following electromagnetic interference problems caused by harmonic and non-harmonic traction currents flowing to the autotransformer (AT) fed catenary system. (1) the rail potentials and the ground current leakage under the normal train operation, (2) the noise induced voltage on the nearby communication circuits by the equivalent psophometric currents, (3) the distribution of low-frequency (60Hz) magnetic field with account of the catenary feeder configuration. All these figures calculated are then compared with the relative standards to evaluate the impact of high-speed railway traction harmonic and non-harmonic currents on the local environment.

中文摘要…………………………………………………………… i
英文摘要…………………………………………………………… ii
誌謝………………………………………………………………… iii
目錄………………………………………………………………… iv
圖目錄……………………………………………………………… vi
表目錄……………………………………………………………… ix
第一章 緒論………………………………………………………1
1-1 研究背景…………………………………………………1
1-2 研究重點…………………………………………………2
1-3 各章簡述…………………………………………………3
第二章 高速鐵路供電諧波問題…………………………………4
2-1 前言………………………………………………………4
2-2 高鐵供電系統簡介………………………………………4
2-2.1 高鐵牽引動力之電力系統架構………………………4
2-2.2 高鐵變電站以單相或三相引接電源之方式…………8
2-2.3 高鐵供電系統之饋電方式…………………………… 11
2-3 諧波來源………………………………………………… 13
2-3.1 高鐵牽引動力之驅動電路…………………………… 13
2-3.2 運轉操作模式下之諧波產生特性…………………… 16
第三章 高速鐵路諧波電路分析…………………………… 24
3-1 前言……………………………………………………… 24
3-2 供電系統元件之模組化………………………………… 24
3-3 等效電路模型與分析…………………………………… 29
第四章 高速鐵路諧波共振與諧波管制分析……………… 33
4-1 前言……………………………………………………… 33
4-2 供電電路的諧振模擬…………………………………… 33
4-2.1 原理說明……………………………………………… 33
4-2.2 模擬分析……………………………………………… 35
4-3 高鐵變電站責任分界點之諧波電流百分率…………… 40
4-3.1 高鐵諧波潮流分佈…………………………………… 40
4-3.2 台灣諧波管制標準…………………………………… 43
4-3.3 諧波管制等級之應用………………………………… 45
4-4 不同的變電站變壓器接線對注入諧波的影響………… 46
4-4.1 單相接線方式………………………………………… 46
4-4.2 V型接線方式………………………………………… 46
4-4.3 史考特型接線方式…………………………………… 47
4-4.4 勒不朗型接線方式…………………………………… 48
4-5 注入台電系統的諧波模擬結果……………………… 49
第五章 高速鐵路地電位上升、諧波干擾及基頻磁場分析… 51
5-1 前言……………………………………………………… 51
5-2 鐵軌地電位和地電流分析……………………………… 51
5-3 等效雜音干擾電流分析………………………………… 54
5-4 電力線產生的基頻磁場分析…………………………… 57
第六章 結論………………………………………………… 61
參考文獻……………………………………………………… 63
附錄 A 三國高速鐵路發展概況………………………………A-1
附錄 B 高鐵系統其他饋電方式………………………………B-1
附錄 C 電磁暫態程式模擬結果………………………………C-1
附錄 D 感應電壓雜音值的相關計算過程……………………D-1

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