臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

為了解本省捕捉之飛魚卵脂質成分組成，以Folch方法將飛魚卵脂質抽出後，以管柱層析法、薄層層析法及氣相層析法測定結果，得知飛魚卵之脂質含量為6.07－7.08﹪，中性脂質為1.97－2.19﹪，極性脂質為3.84－5.10﹪，脂質之各成分組成，碳氫化合物為0.89－1.46﹪，膽固醇酯為0.57－0.81﹪，游離脂肪酸為0.49－0.90﹪，三甘油酯為16.24－25.18﹪，膽固醇為13.05－19.58﹪，單甘油酯為0.85－1.39﹪，磷脂質為58.08－67.50﹪。在儲藏中脂質之變化為碳氫化合物、游離脂肪酸之比例呈增加趨勢，而三甘油酯、磷脂質呈減少趨勢，顯示三甘油酯、磷脂質產生加水分解現象。全脂質之脂肪酸組成以16:0、18:1、24:1為主要成分，各脂質成分中脂肪酸組成，在中性脂質方面，膽固醇酯以18:1、20:4、24:1為主要成分，含有較高不飽和脂肪酸，大約佔72﹪，三甘油酯以16:0、18:1、24:0為主要成分，含有較高飽和脂肪酸，大約佔58﹪，而單甘油酯則以16:0、18:1為主要成分，含有較高飽和脂肪酸，大約佔60﹪，可知三甘油酯及單甘油酯皆含有較高飽和脂肪酸。在極性脂質方面，磷脂質則以16:0、18:0、18:1及24:0為主要成分，含有較高飽和脂肪酸，大約佔68﹪；可見三甘油酯與磷脂質之脂肪酸組成相類似。另一方面，由於飛魚卵精製油外觀為暗紅色，顯示含有多種脂溶性色素，經由薄層層析法及高效率液相層析法予以分離及鑑定，確認含有β－胡蘿蔔素及蝦紅素，而類胡蘿蔔素含量為全脂質的1.11－1.82﹪，其中蝦紅素佔75﹪以上為主要成分，就儲藏期間變化情形，蝦紅素之比例呈減少趨勢，可能是由於氧化作用所造成的結果。

The flying fish caught off the coast of Taiwan were sampled and their roe lipids composition, by Folch method extract and analyzed by column chromatography, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography (GC). The lipid content of flying fish roe ranged between 6.07 and 7.08﹪, neutral lipids 1.97－2.19﹪and polar lipids 3.84－5.10﹪. The lipid composition of hydrocarbon, cholesterol ester(CE), free fatty acid(FFA), triglyceride(TG), cholesterol, monoglyceride(MG) and phosholipid(PL) was 0.89－1.46﹪, 0.57－0.81﹪, 0.49－0.90﹪, 16.24－25.18﹪, 13.05－19.58﹪, 0.85－1.39﹪ and 58.08－67.50﹪. Change in the lipid of storage, the hydrocarbon and FFA proportion increased, TG and PL proportion decreased, in ordinary due to hydrolysis of TG and PL. The fatty acid consisted mainly of C16:0, C18:1 and C24:1. The lipid of fatty acid composition, in the neutral lipids, the CE consisted mainly of C18:1, C20:4 and C24:1, the consisted of high unsaturate fatty acid comprised about 72﹪, the TG consisted mainly of C16:0, C18:1 and C24:0, the consisted of high saturate fatty acid(SFA) comprised about 58﹪, the MG consisted mainly of C16:0 and C18:1, the consisted of high SFA comprised about 60﹪, so that , TG and MG were the more SFA. In the polar lipids, the PL consisted mainly of C16:1, C18:0, C18:1 and C24:0, the consisted of high saturate fatty acid(SFA) comprised about 68﹪. The composition of fatty acid TG was similar to PL. In the other hand, the dark-red of flying fish roe oil indicated the existence of fat-souble pigments. β-carotene and astaxanthin were identified by TLC and HPLC. The content of carotenoids in the lipid was 1.11－1.82﹪, the consisted mainly of astaxanthin about 75﹪. Change in the storage, the astaxanthin proportion decreased in ordinary due to oxidation by the result.

頁次
中文摘要------------------------------------------------------------------------------I
英文摘要-----------------------------------------------------------------------------II
目錄-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅲ
前言-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅴ
文獻整理----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
一、飛魚特性----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
二、脂質之分佈-------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
三、魚卵之脂質成分--------------------------------------------------------------2
四、蠟之脂肪酸及醇組成------------------------------------------------------- 3
五、魚卵全脂質及其PC、PE、PI之脂肪酸組成-------------------------- 4
六、魚卵之類胡蘿蔔素---------------------------------------------------------- 6
七、魚卵在儲藏中脂質之變化------------------------------------------------ 7
八、脂質之分析------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
1.薄層層析法------------------------------------------------------------------------8
2.管柱層析法------------------------------------------------------------------------9
3.薄層層析─火焰游離偵測器法----------------------------------------------9
(1) 流速----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
(2) 溶劑系統-----------------------------------------------------------------------10
(3) 掃瞄速度-----------------------------------------------------------------------11
(4) 分析棒------ -------------------------------------------------------------------11
4.高效率液相層析法------------------------------------------------------------12
5.氣相層析法----------------------------------------------------------------------12
九、類胡蘿蔔素之分析--------------------------------------------------------13
1.萃取方法-------------------------------------------------------------------------13
2.分析方法-------------------------------------------------------------------------13
實驗材料及方法------------------------------------------------------------------15
一、實驗材料-----------------------------------------------------------------15-16
二、標準溶液及磷脂質之調製----------------------------------------- -16-17
三、實驗項目---------------------------------------------------------------------17
(1)、魚卵脂質萃取法-----------------------------------------------------------18
(2)、脂質成分定性分析--------------------------------------------------------18
(3)、脂質成分定量分析--------------------------------------------------------18
(4)、脂質成分管柱層析分析------------------------------------------------- 18
(5)、中性脂質及極性脂質成分管柱層析測定--------------------------- 19
(6)、磷脂質定性法---------------------------------------------------------------19
(7)、脂肪酸組成測定------------------------------------------------------------19
(8)、類胡蘿蔔素組成測定------------------------------------------------------19
(9)、TLC-FID之校正--------------------------------------------------------------20
四、分析方法------------------------------------------------------------------22-27
結果與討論---------------------------------------------------------------------28-39
結論-------------------------------------------------------------------------------40-41
表----------------------------------------------------------------------------------42-55
圖----------------------------------------------------------------------------------56-65
參考文獻------------------------------------------------------------------------ 66-76

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