臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究自1997年7月至1998年9月間，對二種產於臺灣東北部深海域之葉狀擬鬚蝦和雄壯鬚蝦，連續15個月進行調查外部形態、形質及生殖生物學之研究。結果顯示臺灣葉狀擬鬚蝦和雄壯鬚蝦主要分佈於水深250-600公尺之沙泥底海域，葉狀擬鬚蝦雌蝦最大體長為184.1 mm，雄蝦則為157.3mm；雄壯鬚蝦雌蝦最大體長為191.5 mm，雄蝦則為132.0mm。雄蝦和雌蝦之體型結構及分佈水深隨季節而變化。雌、雄個體之外部形質測定，經統計分析結果顯示頭胸甲長與體長、額角長、雄性交接器長度間均呈直線迴歸關係；而與體重、腹重均呈曲線迴歸關係。其中只有額角長呈顯著性的差異，可作為性雙型與多型性之有效依據，而雄性交接器癒合情形則可以做為雄蝦性成熟之有效依據。臺灣葉狀擬鬚蝦全體的雌雄比為1.1：1.0；雄壯鬚蝦的雌雄比為 2.6：1.0，每月雌蝦比例皆大於50%，但在生殖高峰期時兩種之雄蝦數相對增加。雌雄比與頭胸甲長比呈顯著變化，雌蝦之頭胸甲長組成的月別頻度分佈高峰偏右呈顯著變化，雄蝦之頭胸甲長組成的月別頻度分佈高峰略偏左。兩種雄蝦的頭胸甲長頻度分布範圍明顯地較雌蝦更為狹窄，顯示雄蝦體型有較雌蝦小的現象。
根據卵巢外部型態、顏色、細胞組織，以及生殖腺成熟指數之變化，此兩種長鬚蝦之卵巢發育大致可分成4個階段，成熟的卵巢可經由頭胸甲背部觀察判斷之，完全成熟的葉狀擬鬚蝦卵巢顏色為黑灰色，雄壯鬚蝦則為深紫色。精莢附著似乎與雌蝦卵巢之發育有高度相關性。從光學顯微鏡下觀察不同時期之卵巢細胞變化，發現完全成熟之葉狀擬鬚蝦之最大卵細胞（直徑0.42-0.44mm）數佔一半以上，成熟卵細胞群互相擠壓並排成緡錢狀，此為蝦類中僅見；完全成熟雄壯鬚蝦之最大卵細胞（直徑0.40-0.43 mm）數佔一半以上，卵細胞內環繞一圈桿狀周邊體。
葉狀擬鬚蝦生殖季節為5月到11月，生殖高峰為5月到9月；雄壯鬚蝦生殖季節為3月到12月，生殖高峰為5月到9月。推估葉狀擬鬚蝦之雌蝦其最小性成熟體型為cl.46.7 mm，雄蝦最小性成熟體型為cl.35.0 mm；雄壯鬚蝦之雌蝦其最小性成熟體型為38.4 mm，雄蝦最小性成熟體型為cl.24.8 mm。葉狀擬鬚蝦成熟雌蝦之生殖腺成熟指數（GSI）平均值為10.1±1.0，雄壯鬚蝦之成熟雌蝦則為10.0 ±0.8。
兩種長鬚蝦均以雌蝦之肥滿度較高，但利用度則以雄蝦較高。兩種長鬚蝦均為雜食性，攝食對象偏向肉食性，為食物網中較高消費層次。兩種長鬚蝦之新生族群均自春、夏季分兩次加入。鰓腔有等足目寄生，葉狀擬鬚蝦為0.58%；雄壯鬚蝦為0.53%寄生率偏低。目前本研究無法推估此兩種蝦之壽命，但根據國外報告指出，長鬚蝦科壽命為2-7年。

摘要……………………………………………………………………………1
一. 前言………………………………………………………………………2二. 材料與方法………………………………………………………………3標本收集 …………………………………………………………………3
標本處理…………………………………………………………………3
形態形質測定項目………………………………………………………3
食性與胃飽度……………………………………………………………4
肥滿度……………………………………………………………………4
肝胰臟指數………………………………………………………………4
利用度……………………………………………………………………4
軟殼率……………………………………………………………………4
寄生蟲寄生率……………………………………………………………4
性比………………………………………………………………………5
生殖腺成熟度……………………………………………………………5
最小性成熟體型…………………………………………………………6
雌性成熟率………………………………………………………………6
精莢附著率………………………………………………………………6
生殖季節 …………………………………………………………………6
族群成長……………………………………………………………………7
數據分析 ………………………………………………………………7
三. 結 果…………………………………………………………………7
外部形態形質之關係…………………………………………………8
體長（bl）與頭胸甲長（cl）之相對成長關係…………………9
額角長（rl）與頭胸甲長（cl）之關係…………………………10
雄性交接器長（pt）與頭胸甲長（cl）之關係…………………11
體重（bw）與頭胸甲長（cl）之關係……………………………11
腹重（tw）與頭胸甲長（cl）之關係……………………………11
性比變動………………………………………………………………12
性雙型與多型性………………………………………………………13
生殖生物學…………………………………………………….……13
生殖細胞組織學…………………………………………………13
生殖腺生殖腺成熟指數…………………………………………………………16
最小性成熟體型…………………………………………………………17
精莢附著率………………………………………………………………18
生殖季節…………………………………………………………………18
體型組成……………………………………………………………………18
頭胸甲長月別頻度分佈……………………………………………………19
食性與胃飽度…………………………………………………………20
肝胰臟指數……………………………………………………………20
肥滿度…………………………………………………………………21
利用度…………………………………………………………………21
軟殼率…………………………………………………………………21
Bopyridae之寄生…………………………………………………… 22
四. 討論…………………………………………………………………23
外部形態形質之關係…………………………………………………23
性雙型與多型性………………………………………………………24
性比變動…………………………………………………………… 25
生殖發育過程……………………………………………………… 26
生殖細胞組織學………………………………………………… 26
卵巢外觀特徵………………………………………………… 28
生殖腺成熟指數………………………………………………….28
最小性成熟體型………………………………………………….29
精莢附著率……………………………………………………….30
生殖季節……………………………………………………………….31
族群分佈垂直深度…………………………………………………31
族群月別分佈、成長、年齡壽命估計…………………………..32
攝食…………………………………………………………………33
肝胰臟指數與生殖腺成熟指數之關係……………………………34
肥滿度與利用度………………………………………………………34
軟殼率 …………………………………………………………… 34
Bopyridae之寄生…………………………………………………….35
雌雄嵌體……………………………………………………………35
漁業資源保育上建議………………………………………………36
參考文獻………………………………………………………… 38-43
圖版…………………………………………………………Figs. 1-56
表…………………………………………………………… Tabs. 1-2
附錄…………………………………………………… AppendixⅠ-Ⅵ

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