臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文以四個主題探討影響污泥冷凍融化處置之因素：
一、 以四種不同種類的電解質加入污泥中，探討鹽類存在對污泥凍融處置之影響。由DSC測試結果發現，當污泥顆粒存在時，將阻礙冰/鹽共融物之生成，使得鹽類之種類對於污泥的凍融處置並無顯著影響。另對冷凍後的污泥分別冷藏2~24小時不等，以了解冷藏之效果，結果指出冷藏對於活性污泥及氫氧化鐵污泥有顯著的效果，但對於黏土污泥則影響不大，這代表並非所有污泥都要長時間冷凍方能發揮凍融處置的效果。另外經由壓榨測試可知，含NaCl之活性污泥的過濾性與污泥和電解質的接觸時間及鹽含量有顯著關係。
二、 使用凍融處置含油污泥效果比傳統之絮凝調理好得多，由實驗結果發現凍融調理程序不但能大幅改善污泥的脫水性及過濾性，更能將大部份的殘油自污泥中分離出來，進而達到資源回收的目的。
三、 本文以一改良的單方向冷凍模型，並收集過去幾年中國大陸數個主要都市之氣候資料，探討在中國地區以自然凍融法處置污泥之可行性，並據此推得處置污泥層鋪設之厚及冷凍床所需的面積。
四、 本論文嘗試以回收二氧化碳所得之乾冰作為冷源，以代替較耗費能量之冷凍機對污泥進行凍融處置並討論運用此法之效果，以期能使此程序運用於熱帶或亞熱帶地區，並舒緩二氧化碳排放所造成之全球溫暖化問題。

In this research, the factors that influence the efficiency of freeze/thaw treatment of sludge are discussed in fallowing four topics.
1. In order to realize how electrolytes affect the freeze/thaw process of sludge, four electrolytes were added into the sludge system and were cured for 2, 12 and 24 hours, respectively. Results of DSC tests imply that sludge particle might suppress the formation of salt/water eutectic, leading to a negligible effect of electrolyte species. On the other hand, curing has profound effects on activated sludge and ferric hydroxide sludge performance, whose effect, however, is negligible for clay slurry. Therefore, not any sludge needs a long time of curing. Furthermore, from the results of expression dewatering of activated sludge containing sodium chloride, the filterability of sludge has been markedly affected by the contact time.
2. Freeze/thaw treatment can yield a much better sludge filterability than does the conventional polymer flocculation. Furthermore, freeze/thaw treatment of oily sludge can not only enhance sludge filterability but also physically separate the oily phase from the sludge body.
3. This work employed a refined uni-directional freeze/thawing model together with the climate data of several cities in Mainland China for estimating the feasibility of treating sludge, using natural freeze/thaw process. The thickness of sludge layer and the area of freezing bed for sufficient treatment were reported.
4. Dry ice from recycled carbon dioxide was utilized as the heat sink for the freeze/thaw treatment as an alternative of freezing with compressor. Such a process may be feasible for tropical or subtropical countries, and possibly reduce the global warming effect caused by the discharge of carbon dioxide.

第一章、 緒論 1
第二章、 文獻回顧
2.1 冷凍/融化法之簡介及其應用 3
2.2 冷凍/融化法之機制 4
2.3 冷凍/融化處理對污泥脫水性之影響5
2.4 影響冷凍/融化處置效果之因素6
2.5 本文之目的 10
第三章、 實驗裝置與方法
3-1 污泥樣品11
3-2 實驗設備及裝置19
3-3 污泥測試 23
第四章、 電解質對凍融處置之影響
4.1電解質效應27
4.2 含NaCl之活性污泥壓榨測試35
第五章、 含油污泥之處置
5-1 含油污泥的性質64
5-2 實驗結果67
第六章、 以天然氣候進行污泥之凍/融處置
6-1冷凍床模型113
6-2 計算結果117
第七章、以乾冰(CO2)進行污泥之凍/融處置
7-1背景介紹121
7-2實驗方法123
7-3實驗結果124
第八章、結論137
第九章、參考文獻139
符號說明 147

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