臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

電浮除(Electroflotation)技術過去已被應用於廢水處理方面，尤其在去除水中固體膠體粒子方面有顯著之成效，但此技術較少應用於油-水系統之分離，本論文之目的在研究如何將電浮除技術應用於含油廢水之分離，以達良好之除油效果，提供石化產業另一種新的廢水處理方法。
在本論文中首先我們配製穩定的正負離子型乳化液，使用電浮除法對乳化液(emulsion)進行實驗，實驗過程包括了油滴粒徑及表面電位之測定，並在實驗中探討pH值、操作電流、電極材料等對乳化液中油滴去除效果(removal efficiency)的影響，實驗結果發現電解產生的氣泡緻密且均勻，能有效去除單一離子型乳化液中的小油滴，並造成帶電油滴的表面電位絕對值降低，混合型乳化液雖然在陽極使用鉛板的情形下效果不彰，但用白金鈦網替換鉛板後亦可得到令人滿意的效果。且電極表面產生的pH值變化亦可能影響了吸附在油滴表面的界面活性劑。另外不適當的操作條件如電流密度過大也會造成去除效率的降低，主要是因為氣泡產生量過大會有氣泡凝聚粒徑增大的現象。
綜合以上的實驗結果，我們更進一步了解電浮除與電凝聚技術在油-水乳化系統中進行分離之基本機制(basic mechanism)，藉由本論文的研究結果，與現行廢水處理方法作一比較，並評估應用於實際製程的可行性。

The electroflotation has been applied practically to the treatment of wastewater, especially in the removal of solid and colloidal particles in wastewater. But this technology on separation of oil-water system is not so often used. The purpose of my thesis is to study how to use the electrochemical technology, such as electroflotation, electrocoagulation, etc., to separate the oil from the oil/water emulsion system and to reach good removal efficiency in the oil-water separation of the wastewater.
In this thesis the basic mechanisms for the separation of oil-in-water emulsion by using the electrochemical technology will be investigated. We will design a novel electroflotation cell to remove the oil. And also we will discuss all kinds of factors, such as pH value, operation current, operation voltage, electrode material, that will affect the efficiency of separation and also we will evaluate applicability in a industrial process.
Keywords：electroflotation, electrocoagulation, emulsion

中英文摘要 
目錄II
圖表目錄 Ⅴ
第一章 緒論1
1-1 研究動機與本文大綱1
1-2 工業常用的廢水處理技術3
1-3 石化工業的廢水處理法5
1-4 電浮除法7
1-5 乳化液8
1-6 界面活性劑9
1-7 陰離子型界面活性劑10
1-8 陽離子型界面活性劑10
1-9 界面活性劑的cmc及HLB值10
第二章 文獻回顧12
第三章 原理16
3-1 乳化液基本原理16
3-2 電浮除法的反應機制23
3-3Zeta potential 量測原理及應用24
3-4油滴粒靜分析原理27
3-5表面張力分析原理27
3-6乳化液煤油濃度分析原理28
3-7電浮除槽流動模式29
3-8陽極材料表面分析30
3-9乳化液元素分析32
第四章 實驗方法與設備33
4-1 儀器設備33
4-2 藥品35
4-3 乳化液製備及電浮除反應處理35
4-4 乳化液煤油濃度分析36
4-5 乳化液油滴表面張力量測38
4-6 乳化液油滴粒徑分析38
4-7 乳化液油滴表面電位量測39
第五章 結果與討論41
5-1 乳化液穩定度測試41
5-2 定電壓43
5-3 定電流48
5-4 去除效率54
5-5 反應效率對去除效率的影響58
5-6 ICP及ESCA分析結果61
5-7 含油廢水處理法的比較66
第六章 結論68
參考文獻71
附錄74

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