黃心柿 (Diospyros maritima Blume)，俗名黃心仔，柿樹科 (Ebenaceae) 之常綠喬木，分佈於臺灣北部、恆春半島及蘭嶼。臺灣杉(Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata)，別名亞杉，常綠大喬木，特產於中央山脈海拔 1800-2000 公尺處。黃心柿莖材與臺灣杉樹皮分別以乙醇及丙酮萃取，以矽膠管柱色層分析、高壓液相層析或再結晶的方法純化，經由測其紅外線光譜、紫外線光譜、核磁共振光譜、質譜與化學反應等方法鑑定結構。
黃心柿莖材鑑定出六十五個化合物，其中三帖類有三十二個，naphthoquinone 類有十二個，芳香族類有十個，其他類有十一個，其中有二十九個新化合物: Dioslupecin (T5), 3-(Z)-Coumaroyllupeol (T6), 3-(E)-Feruloylbetulin (T11), 28-Acetyl-3-(E)-coumaroylbetulin (T12), 3-(E)-Coumaroyl-28-palmitoylbetulin (T13), 3-(Z)-Coumaroyl-28-palmitoylbetulin (T14), 3-(E)-Feruloyl-28-palmitoylbetulin (T15), 3-(E)-Coumaroylbetulinaldehyde (T17), [3-(E)-Coumaroylbetulin-28-yl] ethyl succinate (T22), [3-(E)-Coumaroylbetulin-28-yl] ethyl 3-hydroxysuccinate (T23), [3-(E)-Coumaroylbetulin-28-yl] ethyl nonanedioate (T24), Diospyrolide (T25), Diospyrolidone (T26), 3-Ethoxyisodiospyrin (N4), 2’-Ethoxyisodiospyrin (N5), 3’-Ethoxyisodiospyrin (N6), 2,2’-Diethoxyisodiospyrin (N7), 2,3’-Diethoxyisodiospyrin (N8), 3,2’-Diethoxyisodiospyrin (N9), 3,3’-Diethoxyisodiospyrin (N10), 2-Ethoxy-8’-hydroxyisodiospyrin (N12), 3-Ethoxy-8’-hydroxyisodiospyrin (N13), epi-Isoshinanolone (N15), 3-Ethoxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-propanone (A8), Bis(6-hydroxy-2,3,4-trimethylphen-1-yl)methane (A10), (+)-Diethyl-D-malate (O2), Butyl methyl succinate (O5), Maritolide (O7), 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-methylchromanone (O11)。
臺灣杉樹皮部份鑑定出六十五個化合物，其中雙帖類有五十三個，木酚素類有六個，芳香族類有一個，類固醇類有五個，其中有二十三個新化合物: 11-Hydroxyabieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one (D6), 11,12,14-Trihydroxyabieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one (D9), 6β,7α-Diacetoxyroyleanone (D20), 7β-Hydroxymanoyl oxide (D24), 9α-Hydroxyisopimara-8(14),15-dien-7-one (D29), Taiwaniaquinol C (D30), Taiwaniaquinol D (D31), Taiwaniaquinol E (D33), Taiwaniaquinol F (D35), Taiwaniaquinone F (D38), Taiwaniaquinone G (D39), Taiwaniaquinone H (D41), 14-Hydroxy-13-methoxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-7-one (D42), 13,14-Dihydroxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-7-one (D43), 13-Hydroxy-12-methoxy-8,11,13-podocarpatriene (D45), 12-Hydroxy-13-methoxy-8,11,13-podocarpatriene (D46), 14-Hydroxy-13-methoxy-8,11,13-podocarpatriene (D47), 13-Hydroxy-8,11,13-podocarpatriene (D48), 13-Hydroxy-12-methoxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-3-one (D49), 14-Hydroxy-13-methoxy-1,8,11,13-podocarpatetraen-3-one (D50), 1β,14-Dihydroxy-13-methoxy-8,11,13-podocarpatriene (D51), 1β,14-Dihydroxy-13-methoxy-6,8,11,13-podocarpatetraene (D52), 13-Methoxy-11,14-dioxo-8,11-podocarpadiene (D53)。

The stem of Diospyros maritima was extracted with EtOH. The extract was evaporated in vacuo, yielding a black residue, which was suspended in H2O, and then partitioned with n-hexane. The aqueous layer was partitioned again with n-BuOH. The combined n-BuOH extract was purified by column chromatography and recrystallized to afford sixty-five compounds including twenty-nine new compounds. Their structures were eluciated on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence. These new compounds are as followed : Dioslupecin (T5), 3-(Z)-Coumaroyllupeol (T6), 3-(E)-Feruloylbetulin (T11), 28-Acetyl-3-(E)-coumaroylbetulin (T12), 3-(E)-Coumaroyl-28-palmitoylbetulin (T13), 3-(Z)-Coumaroyl-28-palmitoylbetulin (T14), 3-(E)-Feruloyl-28-palmitoylbetulin (T15), 3-(E)-Coumaroylbetulinaldehyde (T17), [3-(E)-Coumaroylbetulin-28-yl] ethyl succinate (T22), [3-(E)-Coumaroylbetulin-28-yl] ethyl 3-hydroxysuccinate (T23), [3-(E)-Coumaroylbetulin-28-yl] ethyl nonanedioate (T24), Diospyrolide (T25), Diospyrolidone (T26), 3-Ethoxyisodiospyrin (N4), 2’-Ethoxyisodiospyrin (N5), 3’-Ethoxyisodiospyrin (N6), 2,2’-Diethoxyisodiospyrin (N7), 2,3’-Diethoxyisodiospyrin (N8), 3,2’-Diethoxyisodiospyrin (N9), 3,3’-Diethoxyisodiospyrin (N10), 2-Ethoxy-8’-hydroxyisodiospyrin (N12), 3-Ethoxy-8’-hydroxyisodiospyrin (N13), epi-Isoshinanolone (N15), 3-Ethoxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-propanone (A8), Bis(6-hydroxy-2,3,4-trimethylphen-1-yl)methane (A10), (+)-Diethyl-D-malate (O2), Butyl methyl succinate (O5), Maritolide (O7), 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-methylchromanone (O11).
The bark of Taiwania cryptomerioides was extracted with acetone. Using a similar method, Sixty-five compounds including twenty-three new compounds had been isolated from EtOAc soulble fraction. These new compounds are as followed : 11-Hydroxyabieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one (D6), 11,12,14-Trihydroxyabieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one (D9), 6β,7α-Diacetoxyroyleanone (D20), 7β-Hydroxymanoyl oxide (D24), 9α-Hydroxyisopimara-8(14),15-dien-7-one (D29), Taiwaniaquinol C (D30), Taiwaniaquinol D (D31), Taiwaniaquinol E (D33), Taiwaniaquinol F (D35), Taiwaniaquinone F (D38), Taiwaniaquinone G (D39), Taiwaniaquinone H (D41), 14-Hydroxy-13-methoxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-7-one (D42), 13,14-Dihydroxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-7-one (D43) 13-Hydroxy-12-methoxy-8,11,13-podocarpatriene (D45), 12-Hydroxy-13-methoxy-8,11,13-podocarpatriene (D46), 14-Hydroxy-13-methoxy-8,11,13-podocarpatriene (D47), 13-Hydroxy-8,11,13-podocarpatriene (D48), 13-Hydroxy-12-methoxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-3-one (D49), 14-Hydroxy-13-methoxy-1,8,11,13-podocarpatetraen-3-one (D50), 1β,14-Dihydroxy-13-methoxy-8,11,13-podocarpatriene (D51), 1β,14-Dihydroxy-13-methoxy-6,8,11,13-podocarpatetraene (D52), 13-Methoxy-11,14-dioxo-8,11-podocarpadiene (D53).

摘要
第一章 緒論
1-1 緒言.....................................................1
1-2 植物介紹與成份研究歷史...................................2
1-3 研究目的.................................................9
第二章 結果與討論
2-1 萃取與分離.............................................11
2-2 三帖類 Lupane 型新化合物構造鑑定
2-2-1 化合物 T5 T6 之構造鑑定.................................28
2-2-3 化合物 T11 之構造鑑定...................................39
2-2-4 化合物 T12 之構造鑑定...................................45
2-2-5 化合物 T13, T14, T15 之構造鑑定.........................52
2-2-5 化合物 T17 之構造鑑定...................................70
2-2-6 化合物 T22, T23, T24 之構造鑑定.........................76
2-2-7 化合物 T25 T26 之構造鑑定...............................94
2-3 naphthoquinone 類新化合物構造鑑定
2-3-1 化合物 N4, N5, N6 之構造鑑定...........................108
2-3-2 化合物 N7, N8, N9, N10 之構造鑑定......................124
2-3-3 化合物 N12, N13 之構造鑑定.............................138
2-4 芳香族及其他類新化合物構造鑑定
2-4-1 化合物 A8 之構造鑑定...................................151
2-4-2 化合物 A10 之構造鑑定..................................157
2-4-3 化合物 O5 之構造鑑定...................................164
2-4-4 化合物 O7 之構造鑑定...................................170
2-5 雙帖類新化合物構造鑑定
2-5-1 Abietane 型
2-5-1-1 化合物 D6 之構造鑑定.............................175
2-5-1-2 化合物 D9 之構造鑑定.............................182
2-5-1-3 化合物 D20 之構造鑑定................................189
2-5-2 Manoyl oxide 型化合物 D24 之構造鑑定...................196
2-5-3 Isopimarane 型化合物 D29 之構造鑑定....................202
2-5-4 Taiwaniaquinol 型化合物 D30, D31, D33, D35 之構造鑑定..209
2-5-5 Taiwaniaquinone 型化合物 D38, D39, D41 之構造鑑定......236
2-5-6 Podocarpane 型化合物之構造鑑定
2-5-6-1 化合物 D42, D43 之構造鑑定.....................257
2-5-6-2 化合物 D45, D46, D47, D49 之構造鑑定...........271
2-5-6-3 化合物 D49, D50, D51, D52 之構造鑑定...........297
2-5-6-4 化合物 D53 之構造鑑定..........................323
第三章 實驗部分
3-1 實驗使用之儀器與藥品..................................330
3-2 實驗步驟.................................................332
3-3 化合物數據..............................................337
第四章 結論
4-1 化合物之氫核磁共振光譜特徵.............................341
4-2 抗癌藥理實驗...........................................342
4-3 化合物分佈狀況與生合成.................................346
4-4 黃心柿及臺灣杉各部分成份比較...........................348
參考文獻.....................................................350
已發表之文獻.................................................374

1. Li, H. L.; Liu, T. S. ; Huang, T. C.; Koyama, T. and Devol, C. E. " Flora of Taiwan " Epoch Publishing Co., Ltd. Taipei, Taiwan, 1978, IV, 104.
2 a) 植物大辭典, 人文出版社編委會, 人文出版社, 1976, 3411-3422.
b) Willis, J. C. " A Dictionary of the Flowering Plant and Ferns " Cambrige University Press, London, 1973, 8th edn, 397-398.
3. Lin, S. R. J. Taiwan Pharm. Assoc. 1978, 30, 132.
4. Chou, C. J. Ann. Rep. Nat. Res. Inst. Chin. Med. 1984, 117.
5. Chen, C. C.; Yu, H. J. and Huang, Y. L. Chin. Pharm. J.1992, 44, 229.
6. Chen, C. C.; Yu, H. J.; Ou, J. C. and Pan, T. M. J. Chin. Chem. Soc. 1994, 41, 195-198.
7. Lee, T. J.; Shih, T. S.; Lin, Y. M. and Chen, F. C. Formosan Sci. 1984, 38, 147-151.
8. Chen, H. C.; Lin, Y. M.; Shih, T. S. and Chen, F. C. Formosan Sci. 1987, 41, 46-52.
9. Chen, H. K.; Chen, K. J.; Lin, Y. S. and Chen, F. C. Formosan Sci. 1991, 44, 63-71.
10. Meijer, T. M. Rec. Trav. Chim. 1947, 193-198.
11. Tezuka, M.; Takahashi, C.; Kuroyanagi, M.; Satake, M.; Yoshihira, K. and Natori, S. Phytochemistry 1973, 12, 175-183.
12. Higa, M. ; Himeno, K.; Yogi, S. and Hokama, K. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1987, 35, 4366-4367.
13. Higa, M. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1988, 36, 3234-3236.
14. Higa, M.; Ogihara, K. and Yogi, S. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1998, 46, 1189-1193.
15. Li, H. L.; Liu, T. S.; Huang, T. C.; Koyama, T. and Devol, C. E. " Flora of Taiwan " Epoch Publishing Co., Ltd. Taipei, Taiwan, 1978, IV, 584-585.
16. 甘偉松, 臺灣藥用植物誌, 1958, 第一卷, P.54, 中國醫藥學院, 臺北.
17. 楊恭毅, 陳運造 " 楊氏園藝大名典 " P.6720.
18. Kafuku, K. and Kato, R. Bull. Chem. Soc. 1931, 6, 65-74.
19. 鄭玉瑕, 郭悅雄, 林耀堂, 1966, 化學 P.38.
20. Lin, Y. T.; Cheng, Y. S. and Kuo, Y. H. Tetrahedron 1971, 27, 5337-5341.
21. 鄭玉瑕, 郭悅雄, 林耀堂, 1968, 化學 P.47.
22. Cheng, Y. S.; Kuo, Y. H. and Lin, Y. T. Chem. Commum. 1967, 565-566.
23. Lin, Y. T.; Cheng, Y. S. and Kuo, Y. H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1968, 3881-3882.
24. Kuo, Y. H.; Cheng Y. S. and Lin, Y. T. Tetrahedron Lett. 1969, 2375-2376.
25. Lin, Y. T.; Cheng Y. S. and Kuo, Y. H. J. Chin. Chem. Soc. 1970, 17 ,111-113.
26. Kuo, Y. H.; Hsieh, S. H.; Kao S. T. and Lin, Y. T. J. Chin. Chem. Soc. 1976, 23 , 151-154.
27. Kuo, Y. H.; Cheng, Y. S.; Kao, S. T. and Lin, Y. T. J. Chin. Chem. Soc. 1973, 20 , 83-86.
28. Lin, Y. T.; Wang K. T. and Weinstein B., J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1968, 592.
29. Lin, Y. T.; Lin Y. S. and Lo, T. B. J. Chin. Chem. Soc. 1973, 10 , 163-165.
30. Lin, Y. T.; Lo, T. B.; Wang K. T. and Weinstein, B. Tetrahedron Lett. 1967, 849-852.
31. Horii, Z.; Tsujichi M. and Momose, T. Tetrahedron Lett. 1969, 1079-1082.
32. Kuo , Y. H.; Chen W. C. and Lin, Y. T. J. Chin. Chem. Soc. 1985, 32 , 81-84.
33. Kuo, Y. H.; Chen W. C. and Lin, Y. T. Chem. Exp. 1987, 2 , 105-108.
34. Kuo , Y. H.; Lin Y. T. and Lin, Y. T. J. Chin. Chem. Soc. 1985, 32 , 381-383.
35. Kuo , Y. H.; Lin Y. T. and Lin, Y. T. Chem. Exp. 1987, 2 , 217-220.
36. Kuo , Y. H.; Shin, J. S.; Lin Y. T. and Lin, Y. T. J. Chin. Chem. Soc. 1979, 26 , 71-73.
37. 林義宗, 臺大化學研究所博士論文, 1978.
38. 李耀庭, 臺大化學研究所碩士論文, 1989.
39. 吳建煌, 臺大化學研究所碩士論文, 1989.
40. Kmil, M.; Ilyas, M.; Rahman, W.; Hasaka, N.; Okigawa M. and Kawano, N. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans.Ⅰ, 1981, 553-559.
41. Lin, W. H., Fang, J. M. and Cheng, Y. S. Phytochemistry 1995, 40, 871-875.
42. 林旺鴻, 臺大化學研究所博士論文, 1997.
43.〝The Sadtler Standard Spectra〞1976, No. 9660M, 20247K, 16004M.
44. Wenkert, E.; Baddeley, G. V.; Burfitt I. R. and Moreno, L. N. Org. Magn. Reson. 1978, 11, 337-343.
45. Fuchino, H.; Saton, T. and Tanaka, N. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1995, 43, 1937-1942.
46. Tinto, W. F.; Blair, L. C.; Alli, A.; Reynold, W. F. and Mclean, S. J. Nat. Prod. 1992, 55, 395-398.
47. Saraswathy, A and Sasikala, E. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 1991, 68, 633-634.
48. Rashid, M. A.; Gray, A. I.; Waterman, P. G. and Armstrong, J. A. J. Nat. Prod. 1992, 55, 851-858.
49. Zhong, S. M.; Waterman P. G.; and Jeffreys, J. A. D. Phytochemistry 1984, 23, 1067-1072.
50. Kuroyanagi, M.; Shiotsu, M.; Ebihara, T. H.; Kawai, H.; Ueno, A. and Fukushima, S. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1986, 34, 4012-4017.
51. Siddiqui, S.; Hafeez, F.; Begum, S.; and Siddiqui, B. S. J. Nat. Prod. 1988, 51, 229-233.
52. Kundu, A. B.; Barik, B. R.; Mondal, D. N.; Dey, A. K. and Banerji, A. Phytochemistry 1989, 28, 3155-3158.
53. Barba, B.; Diaz J. G. and Herz, W. Phytochemistry 1994, 37, 837-845.
54. Kundu, S. and Ray, A. B. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 1987, 64, 776-777.
55. Talapatra, B.; Basar A and Talapatra, S. K. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 1981, 58, 814-815.
56. Pradhan, B. P.; Hassan, A. and Ray, T. Tetrahedron, 1985, 41, 2513-2516.
57. Nes, W. D.; Benson M. and Heftmann, E. Phytochemistry 1981, 20, 2299-2300.
58. Ahman V. U.; Basha A. and Rahman, A. Phytochemistry 1975, 14, 292-293.
59. Majumder P. L and Bagchi, A. Tetrahedron 1983, 39, 649-655.
60. Elujoba, A. A; Fell, A. F.; Linley P. A. and Maitland, D. J. Phytochemistry 1990, 29, 3281-3285.
61. Tkachev A. V. and Denisov, A. Y. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 2591-2598.
62. Katai, M.; Terai T. and Meguri, H. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1983, 31, 1567-1570.
63. Errington S. G. and Jefferies, P. R. Phytochemistry 1988, 27, 543-545.
64. Jain, T. C. and Banks, C. M. Can J. Chem. 1968, 46, 2325-2337.
65. Hayashl, S.; Okade, T.; Shimizu A. and Matsura, T. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1969, 17, 163.
66. Nair M. G. and Chang, F. C. Phytochemistry 1973, 12, 903-906.
67. Kobayashi, M.; Krishna, M. M.; Ishida, K. and Anjaneyulu, V. Chem.Pharm.Bull. 1992, 40, 72-74.
68. Bhattacharyya J. and De Carvalho, V. R. Phytochemistry 1986, 25, 764-765.
69. Alderich〝Catalog handbook of fine chemicals〞1992, P.693.
70. Breitimaier E. and Voelter, W. 〝Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy〞New York, 3th ed., 1987, P.267.
71.Kokpol, U.; Chavasiri, W.; Chittawong, V.; Bruce, M.; Cunningham, G. N. Phytochemistry 1993, 35, 1129-1131.
72.〝Alderich Library of NMR Spectrum〞2nd edition, 2, 40B.
73. Auricchio, S.; Morrocchi S. and Ricca, A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1974, 2793-2796.
74. Gramatica, P.; Gianotti, M. P.; Speranra, G. and Manitto, P. Heterocycles 1986, 24, 743-750.
75. Black R.A.， J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 5344-5346.
76. Daubresse, N.; Francesch, C.; Mhamdi, F. and Rolando, C. Synthesis 1994, 4, 369-371.
77. Li, B. B.and Lin, Y. S. Chin. Pharm. J. 1992, 40, 4.
78. Koert, U.; Wagner, H. and Pidum, U. Chem. Ber. 1994, 127, 1447-1457.
79. Mayer, B. and Asselineau, J. C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. Ser. C 1966, 262, 668-671.
80. Tsai, I. L.; Sheen, W. S.; Chen J. J. and Chen, I. S. Chin. Pharm. J. 1994, 46, 401.
81. Kayser, M. M.; Breau, L.; Eliev, S.; Morand, P. and IP, H. S. Can. J. Chem. 1986, 64, 104-109.
82. McCorkindale, N. J.; Wright, J. L. C.; Brian, P. W.; Clarke, S. M. and Hutchinson, S. A. Tetrahedron Lett. 1968, 6, 727-730.
83. Otsuka, H.; Takeuchi, M.; Inoshiri, S.; Sato, T. and Yamasaki, K. Phytochemistry 1989, 28, 883-886.
84. Anderson, J. R.; Edwards, R. L. and Whalley, A. J. S. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans.Ⅰ, 1983, 2185-2192.
85. Chandler, I. M.; Mclntyre, C. R. and Simpson, T. J. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans.I, 1992, 2271-2284.
86. Razdan, T. K.; Qadri, B.; Harkar, S. and Waight, E. S. Phytochemistry 1987, 26, 2063-2069.
87. Bredenberg, J. B. S. Acta Chem. Scand. 1957, 11, 932.
88. Matsumoto, T.; Tanaka, Y.; Terao, H.; Takeda, Y. and Wada, M., Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1993, 66, 3053-3057.
89. Su, W. C.; Fang, J. M. and Cheng, Y. S. Phytochemistry 1994, 35, 1279-1284.
90. Tezuka, Y.; Kasimu, R.; Li, J. X.; Basnet, P.; Tanaka, K.; Namba, T., and Kadota, S. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1998, 46(1), 107-112.
91. Matsumoto, T. and Takeda, S. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn 1979, 52, 2611-2613.
92. Kuo Y. H. and Yu, M. T. Phytochemistry 1996, 42, 1279.
93. 蘇文炯, 臺大化學研究所博士論文, 1995, p.381.
94. Fang, J. M.; Jan, S. T. and Cheng, Y. S. J. Chem. Res. 1986, 350.
95. Hensch, M.; Ruedi P. and Eugster, C, H. Helv. Chim. Acta. 1975, 88, 1921-1934.
96. Cossy, J.; Ranaivosata, J.-L.; Bellosta, V.; Ancerewicz, J.; Ferritto, R. and Vogel, P. J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 8351-8359.
97. Meier, H.; Ruedi P. and Eugster, C. H. Helv. Chim. Acta. 1981, 64, 630-642.
98. Meier, H.; Ruedi P. and Eugster, C. H. Helv. Chim. Acta, 1975, 58, 1921-1934
99. Ruedi, P. Helv. Chim. Acta, 1984, 67, 1116-1120.
100. Matsumoto, T. and Usui, S. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1979, 52, 212-215.
101. Dolmazon, R.; Fruchier A. and Kolodziejczyk, K. Phytochemistry 1995, 40, 1573-1574.
102. Topcu, G; Tan, N.; Ulubelen, A.; Sun D. and Watson, W. H. Phytochemistry 1995, 40(2), 501-504.
103. Touche, E. M. G.; Lopez, E. G.; Sanchez, A. R. P., H.; Honecker F. and Achenbach, H. Phytochemistry 1997, 45, 387-390.
104. Bendall, J. G.; Cambie, R. C.; Rutledge, P. S. and Woodgate, P. D. Aust. J. Chem. 1993, 46, 1825-1843.
105. Banerji, J.; Das, B.; Chatterjee, A. and Shoolery, J. N., Phytochemistry 1984, 23, 2323-2327.
106. Lopes, L. M. X.; Yoshida, M. and Inagaki, I., Phytochemistry 1983, 22, 1516-1519.
107. Anjaneyulu, A. S. R.; Ramaiah, P. A.; Row, L. R.; Venkateswarlu, R.; Pelter, A. and Ward, R. S. Tetrahedron 1981, 37, 3641-3652.
108. Gozler, B.; Arar, G.; Gozler, T. and Hesse, M. Phytochemistry 1992, 31, 2473-2475.
109 Hampel, B.; Kraemer, J. M.; Tetrahedron 1966, 22, 1601-1613.
110. Jonas, S. Nature 1955, 176-179.
111 Ralph, J.; Hatfield, R. D.; Quideau, S.; Helm, R. F.; Grabber, J. H. and Jung, H. J. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9448-9456.
112. a) Sung, T. V. and Adam, G. Phytochemistry 1991, 30, 2717-2720.
b) Herz, W.; Ssanthanam, S. S. and Wahlberg, I. Phytochemistry 1972, 11, 3061-3063.
113. Kuo, Y. H.; Kuo P. C. and Lin, S. T. Proceedings of the Natural Science Council B of the Pepublic of China 1983, 7, 28.
114. Kuo, Y. H. and Yeh, M. H. J. Chin. Chem. Soc. 1997, 44, 379-383.
115. Sankrram, A. V. B.; Reddy, V. V. N. and Marthandamurthi, M. Phytochemistry 1986, 25, 2867-2871.
116. Torssell, K. B. G. “Natural Product Chemistry”, John Wiley, London, 1981.
117. a) Chen, C. F.;Hwang, J. M. H.; Wu, C. H.; Chen, C. S. and Chen, K. Y. Chin. Med. J. 1990, 46, 7-16.
b) Kuo, Y. H.; Kuo, Y. L. M. and Chen, C. F. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 3242-3245.
118. Akita, H. and Oishi, T. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1981, 29, 1567-1579.
119. Monaco, P. and Previtera, L. J. Nat. Prod. 1984, 47, 673.
120. Kuo, H. K.; Li S. Y.; Shen, C. C., Yang, L. m.; Huang, H. C., Liao, W. B.; Chang, C. I and Kuo, Y. H. Chin. Med. J. 1997, 49, 207-216.