臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中文摘要 美洲幼蟲病 (American foulblood,簡稱AFB) 是危害台灣地區養蜂業最重要的細菌性疾病，幼蟲芽孢桿菌 (Paenibacillus larvae ) 為其病原體，病原菌只有在孢子形式下才會引發疾病。蜂群感病初期肉眼不易鑑視，因此檢驗蜂群中的病原孢子數具有重要的指標意義。本論文已建立蜂群中儲蜜及成蜂體所含P. larvae孢子之檢測方法，最低檢出量為178±2.9 spores/g (蜂蜜)及217±31 spores/bee (成蜂)。 本論文隨後利用此兩種孢子之檢測法，配合幼蟲死亡率及AFB病徵數的觀察，對十二箱接種的實驗蜂群進行監測。實驗蜂群曾出現明顯500處以上的典型病徵者計有10群，出現少量典型病徵者計有 2 群。由實驗蜂群中取得之樣本分析顯示，AFB嚴重病發時 (病徵數﹥500)，蜂蜜中幼蟲芽孢桿菌孢子密度曾高達7.2 × 106spores / g， 成蜂體所攜之孢子數提昇至3×104~6×104 spores/bee，幼蟲死亡率曾高達62%。此時分三組進行換箱及餵藥處理，一組不施藥僅補充果糖，另兩組的各蜂群分別餵食溶有125 mg 及50 mg OTC的果糖漿800 ml進行防治。 未經羥四環素 (oxytetracycline，簡稱OTC)防治的蜂群，於換箱後2至3週，儲蜜中P. larvae孢子濃度逐漸上升，恢復至 7 × 103 spores/g 至 8 × 105 spores/g 之間。成蜂體上的孢子數量亦未明顯減少，且換箱前後幼蟲死亡率並未明顯降低，且約在換箱後3週再度出現病徵。 換箱並餵食125 mg OTC 之實驗蜂群，儲蜜中P. larvae孢子濃度於換箱後多降至偵測水平以下，成蜂體上的孢子數量也明顯減少，終至無法偵測；幼蟲死亡率於2∼3週減低至14±6.2%，在觀察期間未出現上升情況，且七週內均未再度出現AFB病徵。換箱並餵食50 mg OTC 之實驗蜂群，於2~3星期後儲蜜中P. larvae孢子濃度出現上升趨勢，成蜂體上的孢子數量於換箱施藥後並未明顯減少，多維持於8×103~7×104 spores/bee；幼蟲死亡率僅於換箱後1~2週內維持正常情況，此後即出現上升趨勢，且於換箱後約4~6星期再度出現病徵。 本論文亦顯示搖蜜處理可有效降低潛伏感染AFB蜂群的儲蜜孢子數，並使得幼蟲死亡率下降至正常狀況。 本論文採樣台灣地區的蜂蜜樣本中，約有30%顯示出含有P.larvae孢子，其中少部分已達隨時可能病發之濃度。但至田野取樣時，並未見到明顯病徵群，顯示多數蜂群處於美洲幼蟲病潛伏感染狀態，隨時有病發之危險。

目 錄壹、前言貳、前人研究 一、美洲幼蟲病的病原及其特性 二、美洲幼蟲病的病徵及傳染 三、美洲幼蟲病的防治 四、美洲幼蟲病孢子的檢測參、材料與方法 一、實驗蜂群 二、蜂蜜中P. larvae 孢子檢測法 三、樣品檢測敏感度 四、成蜂體P. larvae孢子數分析 五、蜂群接種 六、蜂群監測 七、潛伏感病蜂群的搖蜜處理 八、本省蜂場取樣肆、結果 一、蜂蜜中P. larvae 孢子檢測法之建立及培養基敏感度 二、成蜂體P. larvae孢子數分析法的建立 三、蜂群接種的監測結果 四、潛伏感染蜂群經搖蜜處理的結果 五、全省取樣結果伍、討論 一、蜂蜜樣本檢測方式的建立 二、成蜂樣本的分析 三、美洲幼蟲病原接種的族群的研究 四、各種檢測指標與幼蟲死亡率的關聯 五、搖蜜處理對潛伏感染AFB蜂群的影響 六、田間峰群儲密集各蜂場產蜜的分析 七、OTC用於防治美洲幼蟲病的效果 八、防治策略的探討陸、參考文獻

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