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研究生:鄭安寧
研究生(外文):Cheng, An-ning
論文名稱:性染色體停止重組後的變化
論文名稱(外文):Sex-chromosomal change at the early stage of cease-recombination
指導教授:張慧羽
指導教授(外文):Chang, hwei-yu
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:昆蟲學研究所
學門:生命科學學門
學類:生物學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:1999
畢業學年度:87
語文別:中文
論文頁數:34
中文關鍵詞:性染色體性別拮抗因子隱性致死因子重組繆勒氏齒輪雜交品系
外文關鍵詞:sex chromosomesaxual antagonistic allelesrecessive lethal allelesrecombinationMuller's ratchethybrid stocks
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性染色體的演化一般認為包含兩個步驟:一、性別拮抗因子的產生令染色體因選汰而使重組率下降甚至停止,重組率下降後,會使性別拮抗因子更有機會累積在染色體上。二、染色體停止重組後不良遺傳因子會堆積在染色體上,導致染色體退化。本研究利用由五個紅果蠅 (Drosophila albomicans) 雌蟲 (第三號體染色體與性染色體癒合為 3-X/3-X) 與輝顏果蠅 (D. nasuta) 雄蟲 (第三號體染色體與性染色體分離 3,X/3,Y) 雜交的品系,經累代培養後,性染色體固定成雌蟲皆為癒合的 WX"為癒合的 WX"和分離的 WY"。因雄果蠅染色體停止互換,造成來自輝顏果蠅分離的第三號體染色體累代存於此種雜交品系的雄蠅體內,停止染色體互換,因此可研究性別拮抗因子及不良因子的堆積。結果顯示在該染色體上確有檢測到對雌性不利但對雄性有利之顯性性別拮抗因子。另一方面,採用染色體萃取法分析該停止重組染色體上隱性致死因子堆積的情形,顯示其與對照組的結果沒有顯著性差異,即停止重組的那條染色體上並沒有發現明顯的隱性致死因子累積的現象,並討論造成此現象可能的原因。

The evolution of sex chromosomes is thought to contain two major phenomena : 1. The accumulation of sex antagonisitic alleles, and 2. The inactivation of alleles on Y chromosomes, due to the inhibition of recombination. Five stocks established from the hybridization between female Drosophila albomicans and male D. nasuta were checked to have fixed chromosome composition. A D. nasuta 3rd chromosome was traped in males from generation to generation without recombination, therefore sex antagonistic alleles and deleterious alleles on this chromosome were surveyed. We do find a dominance sex antagonisitic allele with significant effect, but no statistical significant accumulation of deleterious alleles was discovered.

中文摘要英文摘要目錄 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i圖次 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ii表次 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - iii壹、前言 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1貳、材料與方法 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -8一、蟲源與飼養方法- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7二、性別拮抗因子的檢測 - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10三、隱性致死因子頻率分析- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10四、適應值指數 (fitness index) 的計算- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13五、輝顏果蠅品系的互換率- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14六、異構電泳- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14參、結果 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16一、性別拮抗因子的分析 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16二、雜交品系雄蟲分離的第三號染色體隱性致死因子頻率- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- 16三、停止重組的染色體同結合型的適應值分布- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17 四、輝顏果蠅品系的互換率- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20肆、討論 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21一、性別拮抗因子 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21二、停止重組的染色體上沒有發現明顯的隱性致死因子的堆積 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22三、結論 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 25伍、參考文獻 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26陸、誌謝 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 29柒、附錄 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 33

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