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研究生:盧玫萱
研究生(外文):MeiHsuan Lu
論文名稱:H.323多媒體會議系統之設計與實作
論文名稱(外文):Design and Implementation of a H.323 Multimedia Conferencing System
指導教授:黃肇雄黃肇雄引用關係
指導教授(外文):JauHsiung Huang
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:資訊工程學研究所
學門:工程學門
學類:電資工程學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:1999
畢業學年度:87
語文別:中文
論文頁數:62
中文關鍵詞:H.323多媒體會議系統媒體同步機制CPU工作排程器流量控制模組跨連線公平H.323協定分析儀
外文關鍵詞:H.323Multimedia Conferencing SystemMedia Synchronization MechanismCPU Job SchedulerFlow Control ModelInter-session FairnessH.323 Protocol Analyzer
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電子通訊網路的革命,打破了人類溝通上的距離限制,在眾多應用之中,多媒體視訊會議可說是其中最重要的應用之一,為了加速多媒體視訊會議的發展,提供更高品質的多媒體通訊服務,國際組織ITU-T(International Telecommunication Union)制訂了H.323通訊協定,作為分封交換網路上的多媒體通訊標準。在本篇論文中,我們將介紹 H.323的協定架構,並提出了我們實作H.323通訊系統的方法與互通性測試的結果。除此之外,為了使我們的系統能適應目前無服務品質保證的網際網路環境,我們並針對H.323通訊標準中未詳盡定義的部分,包括媒體同步(Media Synchronization)、CPU工作排程(Job Scheduling)、與系統間的流量控制(Flow Control),分別提出有效的控制機制,在與H.323標準相容的條件下,使其具有自我調整(Adaptive)的能力,以提高多媒體通訊的連線播放品質。

The revolutions of electronic data networks have broken the constraint on communication of human beings. Among those applications, multimedia conferencing is the most important one. In order to speed the development of it, and provide better quality of communication service, international organization ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union) issued H.323-seris protocol recommendations as communication standards over packet-based networks.
In this dissertation, we present the protocol stack of H.323, and propose our results on implementing an H.323 conferencing system and interoperability testing. In addition, we design a media synchronization mechanism, a CPU job scheduler, and an adaptive flow control model to make our system more comfort to nowadays non-guaranteed QoS networking environment so that end users can get a better playout quality. These issues are left open in the standards but play an important rule on real-time media playback quality. Most Importantly, they do not affect interoperability but may have a critical impact on performance.

第一章序論1
§1.1研究背景1
§1.2多媒體資料特性3
§1.2.1資料壓縮3
§1.2.2即時需求4
§1.2.3媒體資料的關連性6
§1.3網際網路的特性6
§1.4論文貢獻7
§1.5論文章節架構8
第二章H.323通訊協定標準9
§2.1H.323通訊協定概要9
§2.2RAS 11
§2.3H.225.0通訊協定13
§2.2.1Q.931通訊協定13
§2.2.2RTP/RTCP14
§2.4H.245通訊協定15
§2.5影音壓縮/解壓縮模組18
第三章H.323通訊系統設計19
§3.1H.323的服務品質控制19
§3.2媒體同步機制21
§3.2.1媒體同步需求21
§3.2.2媒體內同步控制機制21
§3.2.3跨媒體同步控制機制25
§3.2.4接收路徑延遲的計算28
§3.2.5影音專用的媒體同步機制28
§3.3CPU排程演算法31
§3.3.1排程控制模組31
§3.3.2壓縮/解壓縮器的設計33
§3.4流量控制模型34
§3.4.1流量控制機制34
§3.4.2頻寬使用率的調整方式38
§3.4.3CPU使用率的調整方式42
第四章H.323多媒體通訊系統實作44
§4.1系統架構44
§4.2H.323通訊系統的執行流程46
§4.3H.323協定分析儀與互通性測試49
§4.4實作困難與解決方法52
第五章結論與未來工作54
§5.1結論54
§5.2未來工作54
附錄56
參考資料59
文獻著作62

[1] ITU-T Recommendation H.320 (1996), Narrow-band visual telephone systems and terminal equipment.
[2] ITU-T Recommendation H.321 (1996), Adaptation of H.320 visual telephone terminals to B-ISDN environment.
[3] ITU-Recommendation H.323 (1997), Packet-based Multimedia Communications System.
[4] ITU-T Recommendation H.324 (1996), Terminal for low bit rate multimedia communication.
[5] M. Handley and V. Jacobson, “SDP : Session Description Protocol”, Internet RFC 2326, April 1998
[6] MaryannP. Maher , “SessionAnnouncement Protocol: Version 2”, Internet Draft, May 1998
[7] H. Schulzrinne, “Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)”, RFC 2326, April 1998
[8] M. Handley, H. Schulzrinne, E. Schooler, and J. Rosenberg, “SIP : Session Initiation Protocol”, Internet RFC 2543, March 1999
[9] H. Schulzrinne, “SCCP : Simple Conference Control Protocol”
[10] Sakae Okubo, “ITU-T Standardization of Audiovisual Communication Systems in ATM and LAN Environments”, JSAV Vol. 15 No. 6, Aug. 1997
[11] Lixia Zhang, Steve Deering, Deborah Estrin, Scott Shenker, and Daniel Zappala, “RSVP: A New Resource Reservation Protocol”, IEEE Network Magazine, Sep. 1993
[12] C. topolcic, “Experimental Internet Stream Protocol, Version 2 (ST-II)”, Internet RFC 1190, Oct. 1990
[13] Anindo Banerjea, Dominico Ferrari, Bruce Mah, Mark Moran, Dinesh Verma, and His Zhang, “The Tenet Real-Time Potocol Suite: Design, Implementation and Experiences”, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Feb. 1996
[14] L. Delgrossi, R.G. Herrtwich, and F.O. Hoffmann, “An implementation of ST-II for the Heidelberg Transport System”, Internetworking: Research and Experience, June 1994
[15] D. Mitzel, D. Estrin, S. Shenker, and L. Zhang, “An Architectural Comparison of ST-II and RSVP”, Proceeding of INFOCOM, 1994
[16] ITU-T Recommendation X.691 (1995), Information technology — ASN.1 encoding rules — Specification of Packed Encoding Rules (PER).
[17] David L. Mills, Network time protocol (ver. 3) specification, implementation and analysis. RFC 1305, Network Working Group, Mar. ‘92
[18] ITU-Recommendation H.225.0 (1997), Call Signalling Protocols and Media Stream Packetization for Packet Based Multimedia Communication Systems.
[19] ITU-Recommendation Q.931 (1993), ISDN user-network interface layer 3 specification for basic call control.
[20] ITU-Recommendation H.245 (1998), Control Protocol for Multimedia Communication.
[21] Schulzrinne H., Casner S., “RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications,” RFC 1889
[22] ITU-T Recommendation H.263 (1996), Video coding for low bit rate communication.
[23] ITU-T Recommendation G.723.1 (1996), Speech coders: Dual rate speech coder for multimedia communications transmitting at 5.3 and 6.3 kbit/s.
[24] Geoffrey G. Xie, Simon S. Lam, “Virtual Clock: A New Traffic Control Algorithm for Packet Switching Networks,” in Proceeding ACM SIGCOMM, Aug. 1990, pp.19-29
[25] S. Golestani, “A Stop-and-Go Queueing Framework for Congestion Management,” ACM SIGCOMM ’92, pp.8-18
[26] Jau-Hsiung Huang and Biau-Jwo Tsaur, “Continuous Framing Mechanism for Congestion Control in Broadband Networks,” Computer Communications, Vol. 18, No. 10, Oct. 1995, pp. 718-724
[27] A. Demers, S. Kashav, and S. Shenker, “Analysis and Simulation of a Fairing-Queueing Algorithm,” ACM SIGCOMM, 1989, pp.1-12
[28] James Toga, Hani Elgebaly, “Demystifying Multimedia Conferencing Over the Internet Using the H.323 Set of Standardsl”, Emergine Products Development, Intel Architecture Labs, Intel Corporation
[29] Hani Elgebaly, “Characterization of Multimedia Streams of an H.323 Terminal”, Emergine Products Development, Intel Architecture Labs, Intel Corporation
[30] Ralf Steinmetz, “Human Perception of Jitter and Media Synchronization”, IEEE JSAC. Vol. 14, No.1, January 1996
[31] ITU-T Proposal APC-1385 (1998), H.245 New Messages for Bit-rate Management.
[32] Ingo Busse, Bernd Deffner, Henning Schulzrinne, “Dynamic QoS Control of Multimedia Applications based on RTP”, http://www.fodus.gmd.de
[33] V. Jacobson, “Congestion avoidance and control”, ACM Computer Communication Review, vol. 18, Aug. 1988. Proc. Of the Sigcomm ’88 Symposium in Stanford, CA, August, 1988.
[34] S. Sathaye, “DRAFT ATM Forum traffic management specification version 4.0”, ATM Forum 95-0013 Dec. 1994
[35] ITU-T Recommendation X.680 (1994), Information technology — Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1): Specification of basic notation.
[36] ITU-T Recommendation T.120 (1996), Transmission Protocols for Multimedia Data.

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