臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文研究主要內容為探討火力發電廠性能與汽電共生系統性能。其方式是以熱力學第一定律與第二定律，利用質能平衡之方式，發展火力發電廠與汽電共生廠之模擬程式。研究目的希望了解火力電廠熱耗率與飼水加熱器性能係數、抽汽流量、主蒸汽與再熱蒸汽之溫度與壓力、鍋爐效率及飼水加熱器停用個數之關係。汽電共生系統中希望了解熱電比和電廠效率、能源利用效率、理想能損失之關係。
火力發電廠研究結果顯示，當飼水加熱器性能降低熱耗率會提高，抽汽量減少熱耗率提昇，主蒸汽與再熱蒸汽溫度降低會使熱耗率提高，主蒸汽與再熱蒸汽壓力降低也會造成熱耗率提高，鍋爐效率降低會使熱耗率提高，飼水加熱器停用個數越多也同樣會提高熱耗率。
汽電共生系統研究結果顯示，顯示鍋爐理想能損失為最大，汽輪機的理想能損失為最小。同一製程溫度下不論抽汽方式為何，當熱電比越大時，能源利用效率、電廠效率、鍋爐理想能損失、製程理想能損失越大。製程溫度越高時，電廠效率與總理想能損失越大。抽汽方式改變之最大不同為背壓式系統所能提供之熱電比範圍較小與汽輪機理想能損失不隨熱電比改變而改變。

This thesis presents an analytical study of the performance of oil-fired power plant and bio-mass fueled cogeneration plant. The systems of these power plants are modeled according to the first law and the second law of thermodynamics. The influences of the feedwater heater performance, the temperature and pressure of the main steam or reheat steam, boiler efficiency and the numbers of the meafunction feedwater heater on plant thermal efficiency are analyzed. For the cogeneration plants, the relationship between the heat-to-power ratio and the plant efficiency, the relationship between the heat-to-power ratio and energy utilization are investigated.
For an oil-fired power plant, the increase in heat rate is mainly due to the deterioration of the feedwater heater performance. The decrease in turbine extractive flow will also cause a decrease in heat rate. The decrease of temperature and pressure of the main steam or reheat steam will cause an increase in the heat rate. The decrease of the boiler efficiency also has a negative influence on the heat rate. In general, the plant heat rate is increasing with increasing number of feedwater heater out of function.
From the second law point of view, the boiler has the highest exergy loss, and the least exergy loss component is the turbine. For the same process temperature, the plant energy utilization efficiency and thermal efficiency are increasing with increasing heat-to-power ratio. The plant total exergy loss tends to increase with process heat temperature as well.

摘要 Ⅰ
英文摘要 Ⅱ
目錄 Ⅲ
圖目錄 Ⅵ
表目錄 ⅩⅣ
符號說明 ⅩⅤ
第一章 緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2文獻回顧 2
1.3研究目的 4
1.4研究方法 5
第二章 理論分析 6
2.1 汽輪機 6
2.2 泵 15
2.3 熱交換器 19
2.4 蒸汽產生器 23
2.5 水蒸汽表 27
第三章 火力電廠模擬程式建立 31
3.1 協和火力電廠簡介 31
3.2 協和火力發電廠系統元件模擬程式 37
3.2-1 高壓汽輪機 39
3.2-2 中壓汽輪機 42
3.2-3 低壓汽輪機 45
3.2-4 飼水機熱器 50
3.2-5 冷凝器 68
3.2-6 飼水泵 71
3.2-7 鍋爐 73
3.3 協和火力電廠系統模擬程式 76
第四章 汽電共生廠模擬程式建立 79
4.1 汽電共生廠概述 79
4.2 汽電共生廠系統模擬程式 81
第五章 結果與討論 94
5.1 汽電共生系統 94
5.1-1 前抽式汽電共生系統 94
5.1-2 後抽式汽電共生系統 104
5.1-3 前抽式與後抽式汽電共生系統之比較 112
5.2 協和火力電廠 116
5.2-1 飼水加熱器性能係數 117
5.2-2 抽汽流量 131
5.2-3鍋爐效率 143
5.2-4 燃油熱值 144
5.2-5主蒸汽與再熱蒸汽溫度 145
5.2-6主蒸汽與再熱蒸汽壓力 146
5.2-7 特殊情形 147
5.2-8 飼水加熱器停用之影響 149
第六章 結論與建議 153
6.1 結論 153
6.1-1 汽電共生機組 153
(1). 熱電比 153
(2). 電廠總熱效率 153
(3). 有效熱能產出比例 154
(4). 理想能損失 154
(5). 總結 155
6.1-2 火力發電廠 156
(1). 飼水加熱器性能係數 156
(2). 汽輪機抽汽量 156
(3). 鍋爐校率 156
(4). 蒸氣溫度與壓力 　　 156
(5). 特殊狀況 157
(6). 總結 157
6.1-3 水蒸汽表 158
6.2 建議 158
參考文獻 160
附錄一. 熱力學第一定律 a
附錄二. 熱力學第二定律 c
附錄三. 可用能 e
附錄四. 理想能 g
附錄五. 前抽式與後抽式汽電共生系統結果輸出表 l
附錄六. 兩個以上飼水加熱器停用與熱耗率之關係表 p

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