臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本實驗利管狀高溫爐在不同空氣量、溫度下燃燒廢輪胎碎片，探討燃燒後質量平衡、底灰固定碳、灼燒減量、氮氧化物硫氧化物等之污染特性。
實驗結果顯示經燃燒後(750℃、過氧狀態下)約有5%留在固相中，95%留在氣相中，其中氣相中飛灰為12% ~ 20%、管壁2% ~ 5%、燒失72% ~ 80%。而固相底灰的含量中殘餘固定碳都在20%以下，氮含量(bottom ash N / tire N)與硫含量(bottom ash S / tire S)都是隨著溫度增加而增加，空氣增加而減少，不過是氮含量變化比硫含量大而已。
底灰中有機物經燃燒後被分解掉，以灼燒減量來表示的話，可看出在溫度850℃、空氣比1.5以上其有機污染程度最低約在5%以下。
廢氣中氮氧化物與硫氧化物都是經由廢輪胎燃燒得來，實驗顯示約有15% ~ 30%轉換率將氮元素轉換成氮氧化物，45% ~ 66%硫元素轉換成硫氧化物。NOX在溫度650℃以上貧燃下(ψ≦1)之燃燒，是平滑的往上升，此趨勢類似指數成長；SOX在貧燃下(ψ≦1)隨著溫度增加，其變化是緩慢的增加，類似直線變化。

The objective of this research is discuss mass balance、ash decrease、fixed carbon、 NOX、SOX which are generated by combustion of waste fire crumb in various air and temperature from heated furnaces .
After combustion(750℃、rich oxygen), the distributions of waste tire in the solid and air phase are 5% and 95% correspondent. In air phase has 12~20%、2~5%、72~80% of fly ash、tube and combustion loss; in solid phase the bottom ash''s fixed carbon was under 20% and the nitrogen(bottom ash N / tire N) 、sulfur (bottom ash S / tire S) are all increased when the temperature increases ,all decreased when the air increases, just the nitrogen''s variation is better than sulfur.
The organic decrease of bottom ash is under 5% after the combustion situation is above 850℃and air ratio is 1.5.
An elemental balance on the nitrogen and sulfur shows that 15%~30% and 45%~66% converted to NOX and SOX. The NOX is smoothly increased which similar exponentional growth on the temperature is above 650℃ and the condition is fuel rich (ψ≦1);but the SOX is slowly like the line on the condition is fuel rich(ψ≦1).

摘 要…………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
Abstract……...…………………………………………………………..Ⅱ
目 錄…………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
圖 目錄…………………………………………………………………Ⅵ
表 目錄…………………………………………………………………Ⅶ
第一章 緒論………………………………………………………….1-1
1-1前言…………………………………………………………..1-1
1-2研究目的與內容……………………………………………..1-2
第二章 文獻回顧……………………………………………………2-1
2-1廢輪胎的組成與性質………………………………………..2-1
2-1-1 廢輪胎的組成…………………………………………2-1
2-1-2 廢輪胎的性質……………………………………….. .2-2
2-2 廢輪胎的危害與處理方法………………………………….2-6
2-2-1廢輪胎的害…………………………………………….2-6
2-2-2廢輪胎的處理方法…………………………………….2-7
2-2-2-1直接處置…………………………………………..2-7
2-2-2-2 再生……………………………………………….2-8
2-2-2-3再利用……………………………………………..2-8
2-2-2-4能源回收…………………………………………..2-9
2-3廢輪胎的焚化……………………………………………….2-10
2-3-1焚化……………………………………………………2-10
2-3-2廢輪胎焚化後產物……………………………………2-15
2-3-2-1 灰燼……………………………………………...2-15
2-3-2-2 氮氧化物………………………………………...2-16
2-3-2-3 硫氧化物………………………………………...2-20
2-3-3廢輪胎的焚化實例與研究……………………………2-21
2-3-3-1廢輪胎焚化後可能引起之污染…………………2-21
2-3-3-2 國外焚化實例…………………………………...2-21
2-3-3-3 國內實例………………………………………...2-24
2-3-3-4 其他研究………………………………………...2-25
第三章 實驗設備與研究方法……………………………………….3-1
3-1實驗設備與樣品……………………………………………..3-1
3-2實驗方法與步驟……………………………………………..3-2
3-2-1廢輪胎基本性質……………………………………….3-4
3-2-2焚化過程……………………………………………….3-8
3-2-3焚化產物分析…………………………………………3-11
第四章 結果與討論………………………………………………….4-1
4-1廢輪胎基本分析……………………………………………..4-1
4-2焚化過程後廢輪胎質量平衡………………………………..4-4
4-3燃燒產物分析………………………………………………..4-9
4-3-1底灰…………………………………………………….4-9
4-3-1-1近似分析…………………………………………..4-9
4-3-1-2灼燒減量…………………………………………4-18
4-3-1-3底灰元素分析……………………………………4-21
4-3-2飛灰……………………………………………………4-29
4-3-2-1重量………………………………………………4-29
4-3-2-2飛灰元素分析……………………………………4-29
4-3-3氮氧化物之排放………………………………………4-36
4-3-3-1生成原理…………………………………………4-36
4-3-3-2影響因素…………………………………………4-38
4-3-3-3 NOx在高溫、貧燃下生成與溫度之關係……….4-43
4-3-3-4 fuel NOx之轉換率……………………………….4-46
4-3-4硫氧化物之排放………………………………………4-50
4-3-4-1 SOx在高溫、貧燃下生成與溫度之關係……….4-52
4-3-4-2硫氧化物之轉換…………………………………4-55
4-3-4-3硫氧化物之控制…………………………………4-56
第五章 結論與建議
5-1結論…………………………………………………………..5-1
5-2建議…………………………………………………………..5-2
參考文獻……………………………………………………………….6-1
附錄A 質量分佈……………………………………………………A-1
附錄B 固定碳………………………………………………………B-1
附錄C 灼燒減量……………………………………………………C-1
附錄D 氮氧化物……………………………………………………D-1
附錄E 硫氧化物…………………………………………………….E-1

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