臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究為使用厭氧生物濾床，將牛糞堆肥以及稻殼所組成之濾料，以含有脫硝菌種之水樣植種，微生物附著於濾料上行生物性脫硝反應，而去除廢氣中之一氧化氮。所使用的濾料對NO氣體有很低的吸附性，平衡吸附量只有0.1∼0.3 mg NO/g濾料，其貫穿時間在1∼3小時之間，表示其吸附量只需數小時即可達到飽和。
進流流量越大，厭氧生物濾床中進流端所測得之相對溼度值即越小。平均濾床壓損為0.43 cm，根據實驗結果可知若有越大的進流流量時，濾床之平均壓損也就跟著越大，反之亦然。
當進流氣體之流量越大時，厭氧生物濾床對NO氣體之去除效率就會越小。進流濃度之變化對於生物濾床處理NO氣體的效率，其影響不若進流流量來得明顯。當流量達1,500 ml/min時，才能明顯看出提高進流濃度會降低生物濾床之處理效率。
在生物濾床內添加緩衝劑後，厭氧生物濾床總去除率方面可增加6∼9個百分比。添加外加碳源後其處理效率可上升13∼16個百分比左右，可知添加外加碳源的效應是比添加緩衝劑要來得明顯的。對於濾床內之脫硝菌種而言，其對溫度之變化非常敏感，只要將溫度增加個1℃左右，總去除率即可增加1∼3個百分比。

This study took advantage of the anaerobic biofilter, which was packed with the media composed of composts and chaff, and the water containing denitrifying bacteria was blended into it, to eliminate the nitric oxide (NO) in the waste gases. The media in use had quite low adsorption quantity for the NO containing gases, only adsorbed 0.1 to 0.3 mg per 1g media at equilibrium. Also the breakthrough time was between 1 to 3 hours. This phenomenon had shown that the quantity for adsorption of the media only took few hours to reach the saturation.
Bigger the inflow flowrate, smaller the relative moisture that measured at the inlet part of the anaerobic biofilter. The average pressure loss of the biofilter was 0.43 cm. According to the experiment consequence, known that the average pressure loss increased with the increasing inflow flowrate, vice versa.
When the flowrate of the inlet gases increased, the NO removal efficiency of the anaerobic biofilter was decreased. The influence of the change of inflow concentration was less obvious than the inflow flowrate effect for the NO removal efficiency. Only when the flowrate reached 1,500 ml/min, the result that raising the inflow concentration would cause the lower treating efficiency of the biofilter, could be evident.
After adding buffers into the biofilter, the total removal rate of the anaerobic biofilter increased by 6 to 9%. But the treating efficiency could increase 13 to 16% after adding extra carbon source. So the adding-extra-carbon-source effect was more obvious than the adding-buffer effect. For the denitrifying bacteria in the biofilter, they were very sensitive to the temperature change. The total removal rate could increase 1 to 3%, only needed raising the temperature about 2℃.

中文摘要………………………………………………………………..Ⅰ
英文摘要………………………………………………………………..Ⅱ
目錄……………………………………………………………………..Ⅲ
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………..Ⅶ
表目錄…………………………………………………………………..Ⅸ
符號說明………………………………………………………………..Ⅹ
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………1
1.1 前言…………………………………………………………...1
1.2 研究緣起……………………………………………………...1
1.3 研究方法與目的……………………………………………...2
第二章 文獻回顧………………………………………………………5
2.1 氮氧化物……………………………………………………...5
2.1.1 一氧化氮………………………………………………...6
2.1.2 二氧化氮………………………………………………...9
2.2 生物濾床處理法…………………………………………….11
2.2.1 生物處理法介紹……………………………………….11
2.2.1.1生物濾床法……………………………………..14
2.2.1.2生物洗滌塔法…………………………………..15
2.2.1.3生物滴濾塔法…………………………………..15
2.2.2 生物濾床法之原理…………………………………….16
2.2.3 生物濾床法之操作參數……………………………….17
2.2.4 應用生物濾床法處理氮氧化物……………………….23
2.1.5 生物濾床法之應用…………………………………….25
第三章 實驗設計與分析方法………………………………………..27
3.1 實驗設計…………………………………………………….27
3.1.1濾料基本性質實驗……………………………………..27
3.1.2菌種培養實驗…………………………………………..29
3.1.3濾床主體架構…………………………………………..29
3.1.4濾料吸附特性實驗……………………………………..29
3.1.5背景條件記錄…………………………………………..30
3.1.6生物濾床實驗…………………………………………..30
3.1.7結論與建議……………………………………………..35
3.2 分析方法…………………………………………………….35
3.2.1 濾料基本性質實驗…………………………………….35
3.2.1.1濾料篩選………………………………………..35
3.2.1.2比重分析………………………………………..36
3.2.1.3孔隙率分析……………………………………..36
3.2.1.4含水率分析……………………………………..37
3.2.1.5灰分分析………………………………………..38
3.2.1.6揮發分分析……………………………………..38
3.2.1.7固定碳分析……………………………………..39
3.2.1.8酸鹼值分析……………………………………..40
3.2.1.9 C、H、N元素分析……………………………40
3.2.2 菌種培養實驗………………………………………….41
3.2.2.1菌種選擇與培養………………………………..41
3.2.2.2電子顯微鏡照相………………………………..41
3.2.3 濾料吸附特性實驗…………………………………….42
3.2.4 生物濾床實驗………………………………………….42
3.2.4.1背景條件紀錄…………………………………..42
3.2.4.2生物濾床實驗紀錄……………………………..43
3.2.4.3實驗條件變換…………………………………..45
第四章 結果與討論…………………………………………………..46
4.1 濾料基本性質分析………………………………………….46
4.1.1 濾料調製……………………………………………….46
4.1.2 基本性質分析………………………………………….47
4.1.2.1比重……………………………………………..47
4.1.2.2孔隙率…………………………………………..48
4.1.2.3含水率…………………………………………..48
4.1.2.4灰分……………………………………………..48
4.1.2.5揮發分…………………………………………..49
4.1.2.6固定碳…………………………………………..49
4.1.2.7 pH值……………………………………………49
4.1.2.8 C、H、N元素分析………………………………50
4.2 菌種培養實驗……………………………………………….51
4.2.1菌種採樣與測試……………………………………….51
4.2.2菌種馴養與植種……………………………………….52
4.2.3菌相觀察……………………………………………….53
4.3 濾料吸附特性實驗………………………………………….56
4.4 生物濾床實驗……………………………………………….61
4.4.1背景條件記錄………………………………………….61
4.4.2生物濾床實驗………………………………………….68
4.4.2.1進流流量之影響………………………………..73
4.4.2.2進流濃度之影響………………………………..78
4.4.2.3添加緩衝劑之影響……………………………..83
4.4.2.4添加外加碳源之影響…………………………..85
4.4.2.5溫度之影響……………………………………..87
4.4.2.6生物濾床負荷…………………………………..91
4.4.2.7生物濾床時效性之探討………………………..94
4.4.2.8濾料變化之探討………………………………..96
4.4.3濾料電子顯微鏡照相………………………………….98
第五章 結論與建議…………………………………………………102
5.1 結論……………………………………………………….102
5.2 建議……………………………………………………….104
參考文獻………………………………………………………………106
附錄A 生物濾床監測記錄…………………………………………112
附錄B 一氧化氮分析儀檢量線……………………………………135

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