本研究的目的是希望找到一個移植模式較簡單、免疫抑制時間短，又能誘發出肢體移植後移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）的動物模式，以方便進一步對肢體移植後GVHD的研究。我們在移植模式方面採用了骨骼移植模式、骨骼及淋巴結移植模式、骨骼肌肉皮膚移植模式與完整肢體移植模式四種不同複雜程度的移植模式。在移植後免疫抑制計畫方面，我們使用cyclosporine(長時間：5mg/kg 60天，短時間：5mg/kg 30天)與FK506（高劑量：0.5mg/kg，低劑量：0.1mg/kg）同時併用leflunomide（10mg/kg）。停藥後觀察是否出現臨床GVHD的症狀，同時監控移植物被排斥的情形。實驗動物犧牲後，進行病理學上的檢查並利用免疫組織化學染色的方式觀察接受者脾臟內巨噬細胞(使用ED1抗體)與自然殺手細胞（使用NKR-P1抗體）的活性與數量變化，然後將上述所得肢體移植後GVHD的特性和文獻中骨髓移植或親代移植給第一子代模式後GVHD相互比較，並評估各種模式的可行性。結果發現，在臨床上僅有完整肢體移植模式能夠誘發出臨床GVHD，6隻實驗動物中有2隻出現臨床症狀。臨床症狀包括體重急速下降與呼吸急促。組織病變則以肺臟、腸道與淋巴系統（胸腺，腸繫膜淋巴結）為主。不過在部分使用骨骼肌肉皮膚移植模式，高劑量FK506 與leflunomide進行免疫抑制的實驗動物雖然在臨床上沒有出現症狀，但在病理學檢查方面可以發現疑似GVHD的病變。在移植物被排斥方面：完整肢體移植模式較骨骼肌肉皮膚移植模式容易被排斥，而高劑量的FK506則能夠提供移植物較好的保護。而巨噬細胞和自然殺手細胞的變化和骨髓移植後的GVHD相似，巨噬細胞活性上升；自然殺手細胞的活性則在GVHD早期被刺激升高，晚期呈現抑制的情形。

The purpose of this study is to establish a simple surgical model of limb allotransplantation in order to study the nature of graft versus host disease. Four transplantation models were developed, which included the bone transplant model, bone and lymph node transplant model, Osteo-myo-cutaneous (OMC) transplant model and the traditional full-limb transplant model. Brown Norway(BN) to Lewis(LEW) rats combination was used in the study. Leflunomide at the dose of 10mg/kg with cyclosporine (short term:30 days, Long term: 60 days) or FK506 (low-dose: 0.1 mg/kg, high-dose: 0.5 mg/kg) /kg) were given as immunosuppresants after transplantation. After stopped giving the immunosuppression agents, clinical sign of GVHD or rejection of the grafts were observed and histologically examined using ED1 and NKR-P1 monoclonal antibodies in order to investigate the macrophage and NK cell activity during GVHD. Finally, we compared the GVHD after limb allotransplantation with the GVHD after clinical bone marrow transplantation and P to F1 animal model in the references. As a result, only the traditional limb transplantation model developed GVHD, two of six rats showed clinical signs including sudden weight loss, poor spirit, ocular and nasal discharge, and dyspnea. Lung and lymphoid tissues (thymus and mesenteric lymph nodes) were the major target organs in pathology, which was different from GVHD after BMT. However, some rats in the OMC model, with high dose of FK506 showed the histological but not clinical evidence of GVHD. In the observation of graft rejection, the traditional limb grafts were more easily rejected than the OMC model. And high dose FK506 combined with leflunomide gave more protection than other immunosupression protocol. The macrophage activity was increased during GVHD, and the NK cell activity was increased at the early phase but decreased at the late phase of GVHD, these are similar to the changes during GVHD after BMT.

表次………………………………………………………………………IV
圖次……………………………………………………………………….V
縮寫符號………………………………………………………………….X
中文摘要……………………………………………………………….XII
英文摘要………………………………………………………………XIII
第一章 緒言………………………………………………………………1
第二章 文獻探討…………………………………………………….3
第一節 移植物抗宿主病的定義，分類與機制…………………….3
一. 定義………………………………………………………………3
二. 分類………………………………………………………………3
三. 機制………………………………………………………………6
第二節 移植物抗宿主病的臨床特性……………………………….14
一. 臨床好發情形……………………………………………………14
二. 臨床症狀…………………………………………………………15
三. 臨床診斷與分級…………………………………………………18
四. 臨床預防與治療…………………………………………………21
第三節 移植物抗宿主病的動物研究模式………………………….35
一. 實驗動物品系配對的選擇………………………………………35
二. 淋巴球或骨髓細胞移植模式……………………………………41
三. 小腸移植模式……………………………………………………42
四. 複合組織移植模式………………………………………………43
第四節 移植物抗宿主病的病理特性……………………………….46
一. 皮膚………………………………………………………………47
二. 肝臟………………………………………………………………49
三. 消化道……………………………………………………………51
四. 淋巴系統…………………………………………………………53
五. 其他………………………………………………………………55
第五節 移植物抗宿主病的偵測方法……………………………….58
一. 傳統偵測方法……………………………………………………58
二. 利用細胞激素的變化偵測………………………………………59
三. 利用細胞功能性與組成的變化偵測……………………………61
四. 利用細胞交移的變化偵測………………………………………62
五. 其他發展中方法…………………………………………………63
第三章 實驗材料………………………………………………………64
第四章 實驗方法………………………………………………………72
第一節 實驗分組………………………………………………………72
第二節 移植模式………………………………………………………75
第三節 免疫抑制劑的配製與投與……………………………………90
第四節 術後觀察與評估………………………………………………91
第五章 結果……………………………………………………………102
第一節 臨床觀察與記錄………………………………………………102
第二節 體重變化記錄…………………………………………………116
第三節 病理學檢查……………………………………………………129
第四節 免疫組織化學染色……………………………………………147
第六章 討論……………………………………………………………152
第一節 異體肢體移植後GVHD和骨髓移植及P-F1移植後GVHD之比較152
第二節 本研究中不同移植模式間之比較……………………………160
第三節 不同免疫抑制劑FK506與cyclosporine之比較……………169
第四節 巨噬細胞和自然殺手細胞和異體肢體移植後GVHD之關連性173
第五節 實驗方法方面…………………………………………………176
第七章 參考文獻………………………………………………………177

Abhyankar S. Gilliland DG. Ferrara JL. Interleukin-1 is a critical effector molecule during cytokine dysregulation in graft versus host disease to minor histocompatibility antigens. Transplantation. 56(6):1518-23, 1993
2. Akioka K. Nakajima H. Fujiwara I. Mastuda T. Arakawa K. Oka T. Role of natural killer cells in lethal graft-versus-host disease in rat models. Transplantation Proceedings. 29(1-2):722-4, 1997
3. Alessandrino EP. Bernasconi P. Colombo A. Boni M. Bonfichi M. Caldera D. Bernasconi C. Levels of soluble low affinity IL2 receptors (s-IL2 R) and TNF in the serum after BMT. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 7 Suppl 2:51, 1991
4. Anasetti C. Martin PJ. Storb R. Appelbaum FR. Beatty PG. Davis J. Doney K. Hill HF. Stewart P. Sullivan KM. et al. Treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease with a nonmitogenic anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. Transplantation. 54(5):844-51, 1992
5. Anonymous. A comparison of tacrolimus (FK 506) and cyclosporine for immunosuppression in liver transplantation. The U.S. Multicenter FK506 Liver Study Group. New England Journal of Medicine. 331(17):1110-5, 1994
6. Anonymous. Randomised trial comparing tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporin in prevention of liver allograft rejection. European FK506 Multicentre Liver Study Group. Lancet. 344(8920):423-8, 1994
7. Antin JH. Ferrara JL. Cytokine dysregulation and acute graft-versus-host disease. Blood. 80(12):2964-8, 1992
8. Aractingi S. Chosidow O. Cutaneous graft-versus-host disease. Archives of Dermatology. 134(5):602-12, 1998
9. Arai K. Hotokebuchi T. Miyahara H. Arita C. Mohtai M. Sugioka Y. Kaibara N. Limb allografts in rats immunosuppressed with FK506. I. Reversal of rejection and indefinite survival. Transplantation. 48(5):782-6, 1989
10. Arend WP. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Advances in Immunology. 54:167-227, 1993
11. Asai O. Longo DL. Tian ZG. Hornung RL. Taub DD. Ruscetti FW. Murphy WJ. Suppression of graft-versus-host disease and amplification of graft-versus-tumor effects by activated natural killer cells after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 101(9):1835-42, 1998
12. Atkinson K. Bryant D. Biggs J. Concannon A. Dodds A. Obstructive airways disease: a rare but serious manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease, after allogeneic marrow transplantation in humans. Transplantation Proceedings. 16(4):1030-3, 1984
13. Atkinson K. Chronic graft-versus-host disease. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 5(2):69-82, 1990
14. Atkinson K. Horowitz MM. Gale RP. van Bekkum DW. Gluckman E. Good RA. Jacobsen N. Kolb HJ. Rimm AA. Ringden O. et al. Risk factors for chronic graft-versus-host disease after HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation. Blood. 75(12):2459-64, 1990
15. Bacigalupo A. Frassoni F. van Lint MT. Raffo MR. Vitale V. Corbetta G. Chierichetti S. Marmont AM. Cyclosporin A in marrow transplantation for leukemia and aplastic anemia. Experimental Hematology. 13(4):244-8, 1985
16. Beatty PG. Anasetti C. Hansen JA. Longton GM. Sanders JE. Martin PJ. Mickelson EM. Choo SY. Petersdorf EW. Pepe MS. et al. Marrow transplantation from unrelated donors for treatment of hematologic malignancies: effect of mismatching for one HLA locus. Blood. 81(1):249-53, 1993
17. Belanger C. Esperou-Bourdeau H. Bordigoni P. Jouet JP. Souillet G. Milpied N. Troussard X. Kuentz M. Herve P. Reiffers J. et al. Use of an anti-interleukin-2 receptor monoclonal antibody for GVHD prophylaxis in unrelated donor BMT. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 11(4):293-7, 1993
18. Beschorner WE. Namnoum JD. Hess AD. Immunopathology of rat thymus after cyclosporine A. Transplantation Proceedings. 19(1 Pt 2):1230-5, 1987
19. Beschorner WE. Pino J. Boitnott JK. Tutschka PJ. Santos GW. Pathology of the liver with bone marrow transplantation. Effects of busulfan, carmustine, acute graft-versus-host disease, and cytomegalovirus infection. American Journal of Pathology. 99(2):369-85, 1980
20. Beschorner WE. Saral R. Hutchins GM. Tutschka PJ. Santos GW. Lymphocytic bronchitis associated with graft-versus-host disease in recipients of bone-marrow transplants. New England Journal of Medicine. 299(19):1030-6, 1978
21. Beschorner WE. Shinn CA. Hess AD. Suresch DL. Santos GW. Immune-related injury to endothelium associated with acute graft-versus-host disease in the rat. Transplantation Proceedings. 21(1 Pt 3):3025-7, 1989
22. Billingham R. The biology of graft versus host reactions. Harvey Lect. 62:21-73, 1966
23. Billingham RE. Reactions of grafts against their hosts. Science. 130:947-953, 1959
24. Billingham RE. The biology of graft-versus-host reactions. Harvey Lectures. 62:21-78, 1966-67
25. Bortin MM. Rimm AA. Treatment of 144 patients with severe aplastic anemia using immunosuppression and allogeneic marrow transplantation: a report from the international bone marrow transplant registry. Transplantation Proceedings. 13(1 Pt 1):227-9, 1981
26. Buttemeyer R. Jones NF. Min Z. Rao U. Rejection of the component tissues of limb allografts in rats immunosuppressed with FK-506 and cyclosporine. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 97(1):139-48; discussion 149-51, 1996
27. Byers VS. Henslee PJ. Kernan NA. Blazar BR. Gingrich R. Phillips GL. LeMaistre CF. Gilliland G. Antin JH. Martin P. et al. Use of an anti-pan T-lymphocyte ricin a chain immunotoxin in steroid-resistant acute graft-versus-host disease. Blood. 75(7):1426-32, 1990
28. Damoiseaux JG. Dopp EA. Calame W. Chao D. MacPherson GG. Dijkstra CD. Rat macrophage lysosomal membrane antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody ED1. Immunology. 83(1):140-7, 1994
29. Davey RJ. Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease and the irradiation of blood components. Immunological Investigations. 24(1-2):431-4, 1995
30. De Wit D. Van Mechelen M. Zanin C. Doutrelepont JM. Velu T. Gerard C. Abramowicz D. Scheerlinck JP. De Baetselier P. Urbain J. et al. Preferential activation of Th2 cells in chronic graft-versus-host reaction. Journal of Immunology. 150(2):361-6, 1993
31. Deeg HJ. Graft-versus-host disease: host and donor views. Seminars in Hematology. 30(4 Suppl 4):110-7; discussion 118, 1993
32. Deltz E. Muller-Hermelink HK. Ulrichs K. Thiede A. Muller-Ruchholtz W. Development of graft-versus-host reaction in various target organs after small intestine transplantation. Transplantation Proceedings. 13(1 Pt 2):1215-6, 1981
33. Deltz E. Ulrichs K. Schack T. Friedrichs B. Muller-Ruchholtz W. Muller-Hermelink HK. Thiede A. Graft-versus-host reaction in small bowel transplantation and possibilities for its circumvention. American Journal of Surgery. 151(3):379-86, 1986
34. Dickinson AM. Sviland L. Dunn J. Carey P. Proctor SJ. Demonstration of direct involvement of cytokines in graft-versus-host reactions using an in vitro human skin explant model. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 7(3):209-16, 1991
35. Dijkstra CD. Dopp EA. Joling P. Kraal G. The heterogeneity of mononuclear phagocytes in lymphoid organs: distinct macrophage subpopulations in the rat recognized by monoclonal antibodies ED1, ED2 and ED3. Immunology. 54(3):589-99, 1985
36. Duquesnoy RJ. Is histocompatibility testing needed for composite tissue transplantation?. Transplantation Proceedings. 30(6):2724-8, 1998
37. Ellison CA. HayGlass KT. Fischer JM. Rector ES. MacDonald GC. Gartner JG. Depletion of natural killer cells from the graft reduces interferon-gamma levels and lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha release in F1 hybrid mice with acute graft-versus-host disease. Transplantation. 66(3):284-94, 1998
38. Exner BG. Acholonu I. Ildstad ST. Hematopoietic chimerism, tolerance induction and graft-versus-host disease: considerations for composite tissue transfer. Transplantation Proceedings. 30(6):2718-20, 1998
39. Facon T. Janin A. Noel MP. Jouet JP. Involvement of macrophages in lethal forms of graft-versus-host disease. Lancet. 345(8946):392, 1995
40. Ferrara JL. Abhyankar S. Gilliland DG. Cytokine storm of graft-versus-host disease: a critical effector role for interleukin-1. Transplantation Proceedings. 25(1 Pt 2):1216-7, 1993
41. Ferrara JL. Cooke KR. Pan L. Krenger W. The immunopathophysiology of acute graft-versus-host-disease. Stem Cells. 14(5):473-89, 1996
42. Ferrara JL. Cytokine dysregulation as a mechanism of graft versus host disease. Current Opinion in Immunology. 5(5):794-9, 1993
43. Ferrara JL. Guillen FJ. van Dijken PJ. Marion A. Murphy GF. Burakoff SJ. Evidence that large granular lymphocytes of donor origin mediate acute graft-versus-host disease. Transplantation. 47(1):50-4, 1989
44. Fritz WD. Swartz WM. Rose S. Futrell JW. Klein E. Limb allografts in rats immunosuppressed with cyclosporin A. Annals of Surgery. 199(2):211-5, 1984
45. Fujioka M. Tanaka S. Uda K. Makabe M. Orita T. Orita K. Inhibition of natural killer (NK) cell prevents graft-vs-host-disease after small bowel transplantation in rats. Transplantation Proceedings. 24(4):1507-8, 1992
46. Fujiwara K. Peszkowski MJ. Larsson A. Yamasaki A. Toda S. Watanabe T. Mononuclear cell thyroiditis in rats with graft-versus-host disease. Journal of Pathology. 175(3):349-55, 1995
47. Gale RP. Bortin MM. van Bekkum DW. Biggs JC. Dicke KA. Gluckman E. Good RA. Hoffmann RG. Kay HE. Kersey JH. et al. Risk factors for acute graft-versus-host disease. British Journal of Haematology. 67(4):397-406, 1987
48. Ghayur T. Seemayer TA. Kongshavn PA. Gartner JG. Lapp WS. Graft-versus-host reactions in the beige mouse. An investigation of the role of host and donor natural killer cells in the pathogenesis of graft-versus-host disease. Transplantation. 44(2):261-7, 1987
49. Ghayur T. Seemayer TA. Lapp WS. Association between the degree of thymic dysplasia and the kinetics of thymic NK cell activity during the graft-versus-host reaction. Clinical Immunology & Immunopathology. 48(1):19-30, 1988
50. Ghayur T. Seemayer TA. Lapp WS. Kinetics of natural killer cell cytotoxicity during the graft-versus-host reaction. Relationship between natural killer cell activity, T and B cell activity, and development of histopathological alterations. Transplantation. 44(2):254-60, 1987
51. Glazier A. Tutschka PJ. Farmer ER. Santos GW. Graft-versus-host disease in cyclosporin A-treated rats after syngeneic and autologous bone marrow reconstitution. Journal of Experimental Medicine. 158(1):1-8, 1983
52. Gleichmann E. Pala ST. Rolink AG. Radaszkiewicz T. Gleichmann H. Graft-versus-host reactions: clues to the etiopathology of a spectrum of immunological disease. Immunology Today. 5(11):324-32, 1984.
53. Gluckman E. Devergie A. Sohier J. Saurat JH. Graft-versus-host disease in recipients of syngeneic bone marrow. Lancet. 1(8162):253-4, 1980
54. Glucksberg H. Storb R. Fefer A. Buckner CD. Neiman PE. Clift RA. Lerner KG. Thomas ED. Clinical manifestations of graft-versus-host disease in human recipients of marrow from HL-A-matched sibling donors. Transplantation. 18(4):295-304, 1974
55. Grant D. Zhong R. Gunn H. Duff J. Garcia B. Keown P. Wijsman J. Stiller C. Graft-versus-host disease associated with intestinal transplantation in the rat. Host immune function and general histology. Transplantation. 48(4):545-9, 1989
56. Grazia Cifone M. Roncaioli P. Cironi L. Festuccia C. Meccia A. D''Alo S. Botti D. Santoni A. NKR-P1A stimulation of arachidonate-generating enzymes in rat NK cells is associated with granule release and cytotoxic activity. Journal of Immunology. 159(1):309-17, 1997
57. Greenbaum BH. Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease: historical perspectives, incidence, and current use of irradiated blood products. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 9(10):1889-902, 1991
58. Guillen FJ. Ferrara J. Hancock WW. Messadi D. Fonferko E. Burakoff SJ. Murphy GF. Acute cutaneous graft-versus-host disease to minor histocompatibility antigens in a murine model. Evidence that large granular lymphocytes are effector cells in the immune response. Laboratory Investigation. 55(1):35-42, 1986
59. Hale G. Waldmann H. Recent results using CAMPATH-1 antibodies to control GVHD and graft rejection. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 17(3):305-8, 1996
60. Hebart H. Ehninger G. Schmidt H. Berner B. Reuss-Borst M. Waller HD. Muller CA. Einsele H. Treatment of steroid-resistant graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation with anti-CD3/TCR monoclonal antibodies. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 15(6):891-4, 1995
61. Hemler ME. Adhesive protein receptors on hematopoietic cells. Immunology Today. 9(4):109-13, 1988
62. Herve P. Racadot E. Wijdenes J. Flesch M. Tiberghien P. Bordigoni P. Holler E. Powles M. Bourdeau M. Wilmer E. et al. Monoclonal anti TNF alpha antibody in the treatment of acute GvHD refractory both to corticosteroids and anti IL-2 R antibody. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 7 Suppl 2:149, 1991
63. Hess AD. Jones RC. Santos GW. Autologous graft-vs-host disease: mechanisms and potential therapeutic effect. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 12 Suppl 3:S65-9, 1993
64. Hewitt CW. Black KS. Dowdy SF. Gonzalez GA. Achauer BM. Martin DC. Furnas DW. Howard EB. Composite tissue (limb) allografts in rats. III. Development of donor-host lymphoid chimeras in long-term survivors. Transplantation. 41(1):39-43, 1986
65. Hewitt CW. Black KS. Fraser LA. Howard EB. Martin DC. Achauer BM. Furnas DW. Composite tissue (limb) allografts in rats. I. Dose-dependent increase in survival with cyclosporine. Transplantation. 39(4):360-4, 1985
66. Hewitt CW. Black KS. Henson LE. Achauer BM. Nguyen JH. Lymphocyte chimerism in a full allogeneic composite tissue (rat-limb) allograft model prolonged with cyclosporine. Transplantation Proceedings. 20(2 Suppl 2):272-8, 1988
67. Hewitt CW. Ramsamooj R. Patel MP. Yazdi B. Achauer BM. Black KS. Development of stable mixed T cell chimerism and transplantation tolerance without immune modulation in recipients of vascularized bone marrow allografts. Transplantation. 50(5):766-72, 1990
68. Hewitt CW. Update and outline of the experimental problems facing clinical composite tissue transplantation. Transplantation Proceedings. 30(6):2704-7, 1998
69. Hings IM. Filipovich AH. Miller WJ. Blazar BL. McGlave PB. Ramsay NK. Kersey JH. Weisdorf DJ. Prednisone therapy for acute graft-versus-host disease: short- versus long-term treatment. A prospective randomized trial. Transplantation. 56(3):577-80, 1993
70. Hohnke C. Russavage JM. Subbotin V. Llull R. Starzl TE. Sotereanos GC. Vascularized composite tissue mandibular transplantation in dogs. Transplantation Proceedings. 29(1-2):995, 1997
71. Holland HK. Wingard JR. Beschorner WE. Saral R. Santos GW. Bronchiolitis obliterans in bone marrow transplantation and its relationship to chronic graft-v-host disease and low serum IgG. Blood. 72(2):621-7, 1988
72. Holler E. Kolb HJ. Hintermeier-Knabe R. Mittermuller J. Thierfelder S. Kaul M. Wilmanns W. Role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in acute graft-versus-host disease and complications following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation Proceedings. 25(1 Pt 2):1234-6, 1993
73. Hood AF. Vogelsang GB. Black LP. Farmer ER. Santos GW. Acute graft-vs-host disease. Development following autologous and syngeneic bone marrow transplantation. Archives of Dermatology. 123(6):745-50, 1987
74. Hotokebuchi T. Arai K. Takagishi K. Arita C. Sugioka Y. Kaibara N. Limb allografts in rats immunosuppressed with cyclosporine: as a whole-joint allograft. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 83(6):1027-36; discussion 1037-8, 1989
75. Hymes SR. Farmer ER. Lewis PG. Tutschka PJ. Santos GW. Cutaneous graft-versus-host reaction: prognostic features seen by light microscopy. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 12(3):468-74, 1985
76. Ingham Clark CL. Smith G. Lear PA. Crane PW. Wood RF. Fabre JW. Ex vivo depletion of graft T lymphocytes in small intestinal transplantation. Transplantation Proceedings. 23(1 Pt 1):684, 1991
77. Ito S. Ueno M. Nishi S. Arakawa M. Fujiwara M. Suppression of spontaneous murine lupus by inducing graft-versus-host reaction with CD8+ cells. Clinical & Experimental Immunology. 90(2):260-5, 1992
78. Jadus MR. Wepsic HT. The role of cytokines in graft-versus-host reactions and disease. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 10(1):1-14, 1992
79. Kernan NA. Byers V. Scannon PJ. Mischak RP. Brochstein J. Flomenberg N. Dupont B. O''Reilly RJ. Treatment of steroid-resistant acute graft-vs-host disease by in vivo administration of an anti-T-cell ricin A chain immunotoxin. JAMA. 259(21):3154-7, 1988
80. Kernan NA. Collins NH. Juliano L. Cartagena T. Dupont B. O''Reilly RJ. Clonable T lymphocytes in T cell-depleted bone marrow transplants correlate with development of graft-v-host disease. Blood. 68(3):770-3, 1986
81. Kobayashi E. Kamada N. Enosawa S. Toyama N. Delriviere L. Goto S. Kim YI. Miyata M. Comparison of potentiality to induce graft-versus-host reaction with small bowel, pancreas/spleen, and liver transplantation in the rat. Clinical & Experimental Immunology. 92(3):527-31, 1993
82. Koehler M. Hurwitz CA. Krance RA. Coustan-Smith E. Williams LL. Santana V. Ribeiro RC. Brenner MK. Heslop HE. XomaZyme-CD5 immunotoxin in conjunction with partial T cell depletion for prevention of graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation from matched unrelated donors. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 13(5):571-5, 1994
83. Koehler MT. Howrie D. Mirro J. Neudorf S. Blatt J. Corey S. Wollman M. Kelly-Ekeroth V. Reyes J. FK506 (tacrolimus) in the treatment of steroid-resistant acute graft-versus-host disease in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 15(6):895-9, 1995
84. Kolb H. Sale GE. Lerner KG. Storb R. Thomas ED. Pathology of acute graft-versus-host disease in the dog. An autopsy study of ninety-five dogs. American Journal of Pathology. 96(2):581-94, 1979
85. Lasky LC. Van Buren N. Weisdorf DJ. Filipovich A. McGlave P. Kersey JH. McCullough J. Ramsay NK. Blazar BR. Successful allogeneic cryopreserved marrow transplantation. Transfusion. 29(2):182-4, 1989
86. Lazarus HM. Vogelsang GB. Rowe JM. Prevention and treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease: the old and the new. A report from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG). Bone Marrow Transplantation. 19(6):577-600, 1997
87. Leitman SF. Holland PV. Irradiation of blood products. Indications and guidelines. Transfusion. 25(4):293-303, 1985
88. Leskinen R. Volin L. Taskinen E. Ruutu T. Renkonen R. Hayry P. Monitoring of bone marrow transplant recipient liver by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Transplantation. 48(6):969-74, 1989
89. Llull R. Murase N. Demetris AJ. Ye Q. Manez R. Starzl TE. Multilineage amplification of graft-vs-host disease-resistant chimerism following rat vascularized bone marrow allotransplantation. Transplantation Proceedings. 27(4):2363-4, 1995
90. Llull R. Murase N. Ye Q. Demetris AJ. Starzl TE. Chimerism, graft-vs-host disease, rejection, and their association with reciprocal donor-host immune reactions after cell, organ, and composite tissue transplantation. Transplantation Proceedings. 29(1-2):1203-4, 1997
91. Llull R. Murase N. Ye Q. Manez R. Demetris AJ. Fournier V. Starzl TE. Vascularized bone marrow transplantation in rats: evidence for amplification of hematolymphoid chimerism and freedom from graft-versus-host reaction. Transplantation Proceedings. 27(1):164-5, 1995
92. Lui LT. Lai YC. Yeh LS. Hou SM. Jeng CR. Gregory CR. Irradiation or temporal variations in immunosuppressive schedules do not prevent graft-versus-host disease following rat limb allotransplantation. Transplantation Proceedings. 30(8):3960-1, 1998
93. Lukomska B. Durlik M. Cybulska E. Olszewski WL. Reconstitution of lymphoid tissue after vascularized bone marrow transplantation. Annals of Transplantation. 1(1):67-9, 1996
94. Martin P. Nash R. Sanders J. Leisenring W. Anasetti C. Deeg HJ. Storb R. Appelbaum F. Reproducibility in retrospective grading of acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 21(3):273-9, 1998
95. Martin PJ. Hansen JA. Torok-Storb B. Durnam D. Przepiorka D. O''Quigley J. Sanders J. Sullivan KM. Witherspoon RP. Deeg HJ. et al. Graft failure in patients receiving T cell-depleted HLA-identical allogeneic marrow transplants. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 3(5):445-56, 1988
96. Martin PJ. Nelson BJ. Appelbaum FR. Anasetti C. Deeg HJ. Hansen JA. McDonald GB. Nash RA. Sullivan KM. Witherspoon RP. Scannon PJ. Friedmann N. Storb R. Evaluation of a CD5-specific immunotoxin for treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic marrow transplantation. Blood. 88(3):824-30, 1996
97. Mason DW. Dallman M. Barclay AN. Graft-versus-host disease induces expression of Ia antigen in rat epidermal cells and gut epithelium. Nature. 293(5828):150-1, 1981
98. Maung ZT. Wood AC. Jackson GH. Turner GE. Appleton AL. Hamilton PJ. Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease in fludarabine-treated B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. British Journal of Haematology. 88(3):649-52, 1994
99. McCarthy PL Jr. Abhyankar S. Neben S. Newman G. Sieff C. Thompson RC. Burakoff SJ. Ferrara JL. Inhibition of interleukin-1 by an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist prevents graft-versus-host disease. Blood. 78(8):1915-8, 1991
100. McGregor DD. Bone marrow origin of immunologically competent lymphocytes in the rat. Journal of Experimental Medicine. 127(5):953-66, 1968
101. Monchik GJ. Russell PS. Transplantation of small bowel in the rat: technical and immunological considerations. Surgery. 70(5):693-702, 1971
102. Moser M. Sharrow SO. Shearer GM. Role of L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ donor cells in graft-versus-host immune deficiency induced across a class I, class II, or whole H-2 difference. Journal of Immunology. 140(8):2600-8, 1988
103. Muller-Hermelink HK. Sale GE. Borisch B. Storb R. Pathology of the thymus after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in man. A histologic immunohistochemical study of 36 patients. American Journal of Pathology. 129(2):242-56, 1987
104. Murase N. Demetris AJ. Woo J. Tanabe M. Furuya T. Todo S. Starzl TE. Graft-versus-host disease after brown Norway-to-Lewis and Lewis-to-Brown Norway rat intestinal transplantation under FK506. Transplantation. 55(1):1-7, 1993
105. Murase N. Starzl TE. Tanabe M. Fujisaki S. Miyazawa H. Ye Q. Delaney CP. Fung JJ. Demetris AJ. Variable chimerism, graft-versus-host disease, and tolerance after different kinds of cell and whole organ transplantation from Lewis to brown Norway rats. Transplantation. 60(2):158-71, 1995
106. Murphy WJ. Longo DL. The potential role of NK cells in the separation of graft-versus-tumor effects from graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Immunological Reviews. 157:167-76, 1997
107. Neiman PE. Reeves W. Ray G. Flournoy N. Lerner KG. Sale GE. Thomas ED. A prospective analysis interstitial pneumonia and opportunistic viral infection among recipients of allogeneic bone marrow grafts. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 136(6):754-67, 1977
108. Nestel FP. Price KS. Seemayer TA. Lapp WS. Macrophage priming and lipopolysaccharide-triggered release of tumor necrosis factor alpha during graft-versus-host disease. Journal of Experimental Medicine. 175(2):405-13, 1992
109. Nestel FP. Price KS. Seemayer TA. Lapp WS. Macrophage priming and lipopolysaccharide-triggered release of tumor necrosis factor alpha during graft-versus-host disease. Journal of Experimental Medicine. 175(2):405-13, 1992
110. Niederwieser D. Herold M. Woloszczuk W. Aulitzky W. Meister B. Tilg H. Gastl G. Bowden R. Huber C. Endogenous IFN-gamma during human bone marrow transplantation. Analysis of serum levels of interferon and interferon-dependent secondary messages. Transplantation. 50(4):620-5, 1990
111. Nissen C. Gratwohl A. Tichelli A. Speck B. Abundant macrophage growth in culture from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia: a risk factor for graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation. Experientia. 44(2):167-9, 1988
112. Parkman R. Graft-versus-host disease. Annual Review of Medicine. 42:189-97, 1991
113. Phillips GL. Nevill TJ. Spinelli JJ. Nantel SH. Klingemann HG. Barnett MJ. Shepherd JD. Chan KW. Meharchand JM. Sutherland HJ. et al. Prophylaxis for acute graft-versus-host disease following unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 15(2):213-9, 1995
114. Piguet PF. Grau GE. Collart MA. Vassalli P. Kapanci Y. Pneumopathies of the graft-versus-host reaction. Alveolitis associated with an increased level of tumor necrosis factor mRNA and chronic interstitial pneumonitis. Laboratory Investigation. 61(1):37-45, 1989
115. Piguet PF. Grau GE. Vassalli P. Subcutaneous perfusion of tumor necrosis factor induces local proliferation of fibroblasts, capillaries, and epidermal cells, or massive tissue necrosis. American Journal of Pathology. 136(1):103-10, 1990
116. Pritchard TJ. Kirkman RL. Small bowel transplantation. World Journal of Surgery. 9(6):860-7, 1985
117. Przepiorka D. Chan KW. Champlin RE. Culbert SJ. Petropoulos D. Ippoliti C. Khouri I. Huh YO. Vreisendorp H. Deisseroth AB. et al. Prevention of graft-versus-host disease with anti-CD5 ricin A chain immunotoxin after CD3-depleted HLA-nonidentical marrow transplantation in pediatric leukemia patients. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 16(6):737-41, 1995
118. Przepiorka D. Weisdorf D. Martin P. Klingemann HG. Beatty P. Hows J. Thomas ED. 1994 Consensus Conference on Acute GVHD Grading. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 15(6):825-8, 1995
119. Queen C. Schneider WP. Selick HE. Payne PW. Landolfi NF. Duncan JF. Avdalovic NM. Levitt M. Junghans RP. Waldmann TA. A humanized antibody that binds to the interleukin 2 receptor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 86(24):10029-33, 1989
120. Ralph DD. Springmeyer SC. Sullivan KM. Hackman RC. Storb R. Thomas ED. Rapidly progressive air-flow obstruction in marrow transplant recipients. Possible association between obliterative bronchiolitis and chronic graft-versus-host disease. American Review of Respiratory Disease. 129(4):641-4, 1984
121. Ramsamooj R. Llull R. Tatem LD. Black KS. Lotano V. Dalsey RM. Born CT. DeLong WG. Hewitt CW. Graft-versus-host disease in limb transplantation: digital image analysis of bone marrow and TGF-beta expression in situ using a novel 3-D microscope. Transplantation Proceedings. 28(4):2029-31, 1996
122. Reinherz EL. Geha R. Rappeport JM. Wilson M. Penta AC. Hussey RE. Fitzgerald KA. Daley JF. Levine H. Rosen FS. Schlossman SF. Reconstitution after transplantation with T-lymphocyte-depleted HLA haplotype-mismatched bone marrow for severe combined immunodeficiency. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 79(19):6047-51, 1982
123. Robinet E. Ibrahim A. Truneh A. Ostronoff M. Mishal Z. Zambon E. Gay F. Hayat M. Pico JL. Chouaib S. Serum levels and receptor expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha following human allogeneic and autologous bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation. 53(3):574-9, 1992
124. Roca J. Granena A. Rodriguez-Roisin R. Alvarez P. Agusti-Vidal A. Rozman C. Fatal airway disease in an adult with chronic graft-versus-host disease. Thorax. 37(1):77-8, 1982
125. Rolink AG. Gleichmann E. Allosuppressor- and allohelper-T cells in acute and chronic graft-vs.-host (GVH) disease. III. Different Lyt subsets of donor T cells induce different pathological syndromes. Journal of Experimental Medicine. 158(2):546-58, 1983
126. Rolink AG. Gleichmann H. Gleichmann E. Diseases caused by reactions of T lymphocytes to incompatible structures of the major histocompatibility complex. VII. Immune-complex glomerulonephritis. Journal of Immunology. 130(1):209-15, 1983
127. Rolink AG. Pals ST. Gleichmann E. Allosuppressor and allohelper T cells in acute and chronic graft-vs.-host disease. II. F1 recipients carrying mutations at H-2K and/or I-A. Journal of Experimental Medicine. 157(2):755-71, 1983
128. Rowlings PA. Przepiorka D. Klein JP. Gale RP. Passweg JR. Henslee-Downey PJ. Cahn JY. Calderwood S. Gratwohl A. Socie G. Abecasis MM. Sobocinski KA. Zhang MJ. Horowitz MM. IBMTR Severity Index for grading acute graft-versus-host disease: retrospective comparison with Glucksberg grade. British Journal of Haematology. 97(4):855-64, 1997
129. Roy C. Ghayur T. Kongshavn PA. Lapp WS. Natural killer activity by spleen, lymph node, and thymus cells during the graft-versus-host reaction. Transplantation. 34(3):144-6, 1982
130. Sahin S. Akoglu TF. Gurbuz O. Ergun T. Kullu S. Sav A. Ahiskali R. Tuzuner N. Dogusoy G. Re-evaluation of skin-explant model in graft-versus-host disease prediction. Clinical Transplantation. 9(5):370-4, 1995
131. Saitoh T. Fujiwara M. Asakura H. Ductal lesions of exocrine glands and insulitis induced by L3T4+ T cells following graft-versus-host reaction due to major histocompatibility complex class II disparity. Clinical Immunology & Immunopathology. 57(3):339-50, 1990
132. Saitoh T. Fujiwara M. Asakura H. L3T4+ T cells induce hepatic lesions resembling primary biliary cirrhosis in mice with graft-versus-host reactions due to major histocompatibility complex class II disparity. Clinical Immunology & Immunopathology. 59(3):449-61, 1991
133. Saitoh T. Ikarashi Y. Ito S. Watanabe H. Fujiwara M. Asakura H. Depletion of CD8+ cells exacerbates organ-specific autoimmune diseases induced by CD4+ T cells in semiallogeneic hosts with MHC class II disparity. Journal of Immunology. 145(10):3268-75, 1990
134. Sale GE. Buckner CD. Pathology of bone marrow in transplant recipients. Hematology - Oncology Clinics of North America. 2(4):735-56, 1988
135. Salgame P. Abrams JS. Clayberger C. Goldstein H. Convit J. Modlin RL. Bloom BR. Differing lymphokine profiles of functional subsets of human CD4 and CD8 T cell clones. Science. 254(5029):279-82, 1991
136. Schiller G. Gale RP. Is there an effective therapy for chronic graft-versus-host disease? Bone Marrow Transplantation. 11(3):189-92, 1993
137. Schraut WH. Current status of small-bowel transplantation. Gastroenterology. 94(2):525-38, 1988
138. Schraut WH. Lee KK. Dawson PJ. Hurst RD. Graft-versus-host disease induced by small bowel allografts. Clinical course and pathology. Transplantation. 41(3):286-90, 1986
139. Schwarer AP. Jiang YZ. Brookes PA. Barrett AJ. Batchelor JR. Goldman JM. Lechler RI. Frequency of anti-recipient alloreactive helper T-cell precursors in donor blood and graft-versus-host disease after HLA-identical sibling bone-marrow transplantation. Lancet. 341(8839):203-5, 1993
140. Seemayer TA. Gartner JG. Colle E. Lapp WS. Acute graft-versus-host reaction in the pancreas. Transplantation. 35(1):72-7, 1983
141. Shinozawa T. Beschorner WE. Hess AD. The thymus and prolonged administration of cyclosporine. Irreversible immunopathologic changes associated with autologous pseudo-graft-versus-host disease. Transplantation. 50(1):106-11, 1990
142. Shonnard JW. Davis BK. Nethery L. Cramer DV. In vitro responses of BN strain inbred rats. Transplantation Proceedings. 13(2):1390-3, 1981
143. Shulman HM. Sharma P. Amos D. Fenster LF. McDonald GB. A coded histologic study of hepatic graft-versus-host disease after human bone marrow transplantation. Hepatology. 8(3):463-70, 1988
144. Shulman HM. Sullivan KM. Weiden PL. McDonald GB. Striker GE. Sale GE. Hackman R. Tsoi MS. Storb R. Thomas ED. Chronic graft-versus-host syndrome in man. A long-term clinicopathologic study of 20 Seattle patients. American Journal of Medicine. 69(2):204-17, 1980
145. Siegert W. Josimovic-Alasevic O. Schwerdtfeger R. Baurmann H. Schmidt CA. Musch R. Schmid HJ. Hartmann R. Henze G. Huhn D. et al. Soluble interleukin 2 receptors in patients after bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 6(2):97-101, 1990
146. Siena S. Villa S. Bonadonna G. Bregni M. Gianni AM. Specific ex-vivo depletion of human bone marrow T lymphocytes by an anti-pan-T cell (CD5) ricin A-chain immunotoxin. Transplantation. 43(3):421-6, 1987
147. Sloane JP. Depledge MH. Powles RL. Morgenstern GR. Trickey BS. Dady PJ. Histopathology of the lung after bone marrow transplantation. Journal of Clinical Pathology. 36(5):546-54, 1983
148. Sloane JP. Norton J. The pathology of bone marrow transplantation. Histopathology. 22(3):201-9, 1993
149. Socie G. Selimi F. Sedel L. Frija J. Devergie A. Esperou Bourdeau H. Ribaud P. Gluckman E. Avascular necrosis of bone after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: clinical findings, incidence and risk factors. British Journal of Haematology. 86(3):624-8, 1994
150. Storb R. Deeg HJ. Whitehead J. Appelbaum F. Beatty P. Bensinger W. Buckner CD. Clift R. Doney K. Farewell V. et al. Methotrexate and cyclosporine compared with cyclosporine alone for prophylaxis of acute graft versus host disease after marrow transplantation for leukemia. New England Journal of Medicine. 314(12):729-35, 1986
151. Sullivan KM. Acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease in man. International Journal of Cell Cloning. 4 Suppl 1:42-93, 1986
152. Sullivan KM. Shulman HM. Storb R. Weiden PL. Witherspoon RP. McDonald GB. Schubert MM. Atkinson K. Thomas ED. Chronic graft-versus-host disease in 52 patients: adverse natural course and successful treatment with combination immunosuppression. Blood. 57(2):267-76, 1981
153. Sullivan KM. Witherspoon RP. Storb R. Weiden P. Flournoy N. Dahlberg S. Deeg HJ. Sanders JE. Doney KC. Appelbaum FR. et al. Prednisone and azathioprine compared with prednisone and placebo for treatment of chronic graft-v-host disease: prognostic influence of prolonged thrombocytopenia after allogeneic marrow transplantation. Blood. 72(2):546-54, 1988
154. Suzuki M. Suzuki Y. Ikeda H. Koike M. Nomura M. Tamura J. Sato S. Hotta Y. Itoh G. Apoptosis of murine large intestine in acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation across minor histocompatibility barriers. Transplantation. 57(8):1284-7, 1994
155. Sviland L. Pearson AD. Green MA. Eastham EJ. Hamilton PJ. Proctor SJ. Malcolm AJ. Prognostic importance of histological and immunopathological assessment of skin and rectal biopsies in patients with GVHD. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 11(3):215-8, 1993
156. Swain SL. Bradley LM. Croft M. Tonkonogy S. Atkins G. Weinberg AD. Duncan DD. Hedrick SM. Dutton RW. Huston G. Helper T-cell subsets: phenotype, function and the role of lymphokines in regulating their development. Immunological Reviews. 123:115-44, 1991
157. Sykes M. Novel approaches to the control of graft versus host disease. Current Opinion in Immunology. 5(5):774-81, 1993
158. Symington FW. Pepe MS. Chen AB. Deliganis A. Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha associated with acute graft-versus-host disease in humans. Transplantation. 50(3):518-21, 1990
159. Tanabe M. Murase N. Demetris AJ. Hoffman RA. Nakamura K. Fujisaki S. Galvao FH. Todo S. Fung J. Starzl TE. The influence of donor and recipient strains in isolated small bowel transplantation in rats. Transplantation Proceedings. 26(6):3733-40, 1994
160. Tatem LD. Hirpara S. Dalsey RM. Iannacone WM. DeLong WG. Hewitt CW. Role of in situ IL-2r and TGF-beta expression in tolerant vascularized bone marrow (limb) transplant chimeras. Transplantation Proceedings. 29(4):2194-5, 1997
161. Thein SL. Goldman JM. Galton DA. Acute "graft-versus-host disease" after autografting for chronic granulocytic leukemia in transformation. Annals of Internal Medicine. 94(2):210-1, 1981
162. Theobald M. Nierle T. Bunjes D. Arnold R. Heimpel H. Host-specific interleukin-2-secreting donor T-cell precursors as predictors of acute graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplantation between HLA-identical siblings . New England Journal of Medicine. 327(23):1613-7, 1992
163. Theobald M. Predicting graft-versus-host disease. Current Opinion in Immunology. 7(5):649-55, 1995
164. Thomas E. Storb R. Clift RA. Fefer A. Johnson FL. Neiman PE. Lerner KG. Glucksberg H. Buckner CD. Bone-marrow transplantation (first of two parts). New England Journal of Medicine. 292(16):832-43, 1975
165. Tiley C. Powles R. Teo CP. Treleaven J. Findlay M. Hewetson M. Treatment of acute graft versus host disease with a murine monoclonal antibody to the IL-2 receptor. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 7 Suppl 2:151, 1991
166. Troutt AB. Kelso A. Enumeration of lymphokine mRNA-containing cells in vivo in a murine graft-versus-host reaction using the PCR. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 89(12):5276-80, 1992
167. Vallera DA. Targeting T cells for GVHD therapy. Seminars in Cancer Biology. 7(2):57-64, 1996
168. van Els CA. D''Amaro J. Pool J. Blokland E. Bakker A. van Elsen PJ. van Rood JJ. Goulmy E. Immunogenetics of human minor histocompatibility antigens: their polymorphism and immunodominance. Immunogenetics. 35(3):161-5, 1992
169. Via CS. Sharrow SO. Shearer GM. Role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the prevention of lupus-like disease occurring in a murine model of graft-vs-host disease. Journal of Immunology. 139(6):1840-9, 1987
170. Via CS. Shearer GM. T-cell interactions in autoimmunity: insights from a murine model of graft-versus-host disease. Immunology Today. 9(7-8):207-13, 1988
171. Vogelsang GB. Acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease. Current Opinion in Oncology. 5(2):276-81, 1993
172. Vogelsang GB. Hess AD. Berkman AW. Tutschka PJ. Farmer ER. Converse PJ. Santos GW. An in vitro predictive test for graft versus host disease in patients with genotypic HLA-identical bone marrow transplants. New England Journal of Medicine. 313(11):645-50, 1985
173. Vogelsang GB. Hess AD. Graft-versus-host disease: new directions for a persistent problem. Blood. 84(7):2061-7, 1994
174. Vogelsang GB. Hess AD. Santos GW. Acute graft-versus-host disease: clinical characteristics in the cyclosporine era. Medicine. 67(3):163-74, 1988
175. von Fliedner V. Higby DJ. Kim U. Graft-versus-host reaction following blood product transfusion. American Journal of Medicine. 72(6):951-61, 1982
176. Wagner FF. Flegel WA. Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease: risk due to homozygous HLA haplotypes. Transfusion. 35(4):284-91, 1995
177. Wagner JE Jr. Vogelsang GB. Beschorner WE. Pathogenesis and pathology of graft-vs.-host disease. American Journal of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology. 11(2):196-212, 1989
178. Washington K. Gossage DL. Gottfried MR. Pathology of the pancreas in severe combined immunodeficiency and DiGeorge syndrome: acute graft-versus-host disease and unusual viral infections. Human Pathology. 25(9):908-14, 1994
179. Weisdorf D. Filipovich A. McGlave P. Ramsay N. Kersey J. Miller W. Blazar B. Combination graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis using immunotoxin (anti-CD5-RTA [Xomazyme-CD5]) plus methotrexate and cyclosporine or prednisone after unrelated donor marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 12(5):531-6, 1993
180. Wingard JR. Santos GW. Saral R. Late-onset interstitial pneumonia following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation. 39(1):21-3, 1985
181. Woolley DS. Hou A. Strande L. Tatem L. Mathews M. Hewitt CW. Vascularized bone marrow transplantation and graft versus host disease: morphometric analysis of muscle. Transplantation Proceedings. 26(6):3321-2, 1994
182. Workman DL. Clancy J Jr. Interstitial pneumonitis and lymphocytic bronchiolitis/bronchitis as a direct result of acute lethal graft-versus-host disease duplicate the histopathology of lung allograft rejection. Transplantation. 58(2):207-13, 1994
183. Wu M. Enhancement of immunotoxin activity using chemical and biological reagents. British Journal of Cancer. 75(9):1347-55, 1997
184. Wyatt SE. Nunn P. Hows JM. Yin J. Hayes MC. Catovsky D. Gordon-Smith EC. Hughes JM. Goldman JM. Galton D. Airways obstruction associated with graft versus host disease after bone marrow transplantation. Thorax. 39(12):887-94, 1984
185. Xun CQ. Thompson JS. Jennings CD. Brown SA. Widmer MB. Effect of total body irradiation, busulfan-cyclophosphamide, or cyclophosphamide conditioning on inflammatory cytokine release and development of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease in H-2-incompatible transplanted SCID mice. Blood. 83(8):2360-7, 1994
186. Yasuda H. Ohto H. Abe R. Mechanism of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease. Fukushima Journal of Medical Science. 39(2):69-75, 1993
187. Yeh LS. Gregory CR. Griffey SM. Lecouter RA. Hou SM. Morris RE. Combination leflunomide and cyclosporine prevents rejection of functional whole limb allografts in the rat. Transplantation. 64(6):919-22, 1997
188. Zeis M. Uharek L. Glass B. Steinmann J. Dreger P. Gassmann W. Schmitz N. Allogeneic MHC-mismatched activated natural killer cells administered after bone marrow transplantation provide a strong graft-versus-leukaemia effect in mice. British Journal of Haematology. 96(4):757-61, 1997
189. Zhong R. He G. Sakai Y. Zhang Z. Garcia B. Li XC. Jevnikar A. Grant D. The effect of donor-recipient strain combination on rejection and graft-versus-host disease after small bowel/liver transplantation in the rat. Transplantation. 56(2):381-5, 1993