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研究生:黃振平
論文名稱:兩種西施貝對微小亞歷山大藻麻痺性毒素之蓄毒與毒比較研究
論文名稱(外文):Comparison of the Toxin Accumulation and Detoxification in Two Hiatula Species Exposed to Paralytic Shellfish Poison-containing Alexandrium Minutum Halim
指導教授:周宏農
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:漁業科學研究所
學門:農業科學學門
學類:漁業學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:1999
畢業學年度:87
語文別:中文
論文頁數:58
中文關鍵詞:麻痺性毒素西施貝
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  西施貝屬高經濟價值之水產品,然而自1986年及1991年發生麻痺性毒中毒事件以來,消費量大減,西施貝養殖產業因而萎縮,久久未能恢復。本實驗室過去的調查報告顯示,含毒貝種主要為尖嘴西施貝,而同樣人工養殖的寬嘴西施貝則較少含毒。本研究以高效液相屬析來分析毒藻與毒貝中所含的麻痺性毒素,並藉由該分析系統比較本省養殖之寬嘴與尖嘴兩種西施貝,在含麻痺性毒的微小亞歷山大藻存在下,經由濾食而蓄毒及去毒能力上的差異,同時並分析貝體在毒素代謝及其存在位置上的轉換,藉以了解毒素在西施貝中的蓄積與殘留,及其在兩種常見西施貝中的差異。
  實驗結果顯示,此兩種西施貝在試驗條件下,隨攝入毒藻數的增加而存在毒性的累積,雖寬嘴西施貝在實驗初期有較高比例的毒性蓄積,但在最高蓄毒量上,兩者並無明顯差異。貝體中的毒性主要集中於中腸腺,經一段時間後,肌肉與水管組織也會因為部份毒素的轉移而含毒。肌肉的含毒,在時間上寬嘴西施貝要較尖嘴西施貝提早,一般肌肉的毒素隨中腸腺毒性達最高時也達最高,但尖嘴西施貝肌肉中最高的毒性則出現於中腸腺達毒性最高後的下次採樣日。麻痺性毒素中的GTX-Ⅰ及GTX-Ⅱ在此二種西施貝體內,均較其他兩種毒素GTX-Ⅲ與GTX-Ⅳ有較穩定存在的趨勢。另外,針對台灣西南沿海養殖西施貝的毒性調查,毒貝的出現均集中於屏東東港地區,且有多次含毒超過安全標準。調查期間的西施貝毒性,普遍存在於每個月份而無明顯季節性的差異;雖然不同地區養殖的西施貝有不同的種類的傾向(東港地區為尖嘴西施貝而彰、嘉、南等地區多為寬嘴西施貝),但由實驗室結果可知這兩種貝類對毒藻所含毒素的蓄積與排除機制上,並無顯著差異,而養殖環境與養殖方法所引起毒藻不華的存在,應是毒貝具有地理性分佈上的主要原因。


  Purple clam is a kind of shellfish of high economic importance in Taiwan. Since the paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) incidents due to the ingestion of contaminated purple clam occured in 1986 and 1991, the consumption and aquaculture industry of purple clam has been declining. According to the long term survey of toxic shellfish monitoring, it was noted that most of the toxic cases were related to one of the purple clam species, Hiatula rostrata, but none to H. diphos, another popular species cultured. In this research we used a high performance liquid chromatography for PSP toxin analysis in Alexandrium minutum, known as the toxin producing organism responsible for the PSP in Taiwan, and purple clams. Accumulation and detoxification of toxins in these two hiatula species were compared after continously feeding with toxic A. minutum for 24 days and nontoxic Isochrysis and Pavlova for another 24 days. Toxin metabolism and translocation in the purple clams were also studied and compared between two species.
  The result showed that both Hiatula species accumulated the toxins according to the amount of filtered A. minutum cells. Although H. diphos showed a higher rate in toxicity increase than H. rostrata, both species showed a similar level of highest toxicity in the experiment period. Most of the ingested algal toxins remained in the digestive glad of the clam. Some of the toxins were translocation to muscle tissue after several days. It was found that were the same feeding behavior H. diphos showed toxicity in muscle the earlier than H. rostrata. There was a consitency on dates when the digestive gland and muscle showed their highest toxicity. However H. rostrata showed it's highest toxicity in muscle one sampling period after the date that the digestive gland had its highest toxicity. Generally, GTX-Ⅰand GTX-Ⅱwer more stable that the after two, GTX-Ⅲ and GTX-Ⅳ in the clam tissue due to the result that GTX-Ⅲ and GTX-Ⅳ remained almost the same concentration in the tissue during feeding period.
  From the monitoring survey of toxic purple clam cultured in different areas along the south western coast of Taiwan it was noticed that the toxic clams were all from Tungkang of Pingtung. They had toxicities exceeding the safety level in several occasions. During the study period there seems no significant seasonal variation of the occurrence of toxic clam due to the widely ditsribution of the toxic specimens in almost every months of the year. There was a coincidence to show the toxic clams were H.rostrata and cultured mainly in Tungkang area and nontoxic ones were H. diphos, cultured elsewhere. Since our result showed no significant difference in toxin accumulation removal between these two Hiatula species, we speculated the geographic distribution of toxic clams was due the different environment and different culture behavior that brought the blooming of toxic algae and contaminated the clams.

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