臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘 要
　　
本論文旨在探討應用電磁放電成像技術(EDI)於材料性質之非破壞性評估能力，針對材料表層及次表層性質改變（表面陶斯松濃度變化、6061鋁金冷軋延塑變），及材料內部性質變化（內部氫含量變化、及中碳鋼回火所引起之微觀變化效應)，及其各種影響因素，並結合影像處理技術予以進行實驗探討。其原理乃基於當材料性質發生變異時，會引起EDI氣體放電強度改變，而據以評估及檢測材料性質之變化量。
針對材料表層及次表層性質改變所做之實驗結果顯示；於低濃度時（<0.4%），EDI放電強度與陶斯松水溶液濃度間呈線性正比關係。從具有各種不同濃度陶斯松水溶液之EDI灰階分佈曲線中具有五個不同特徵灰階值，其中三個特微灰階值可分別對應至陶斯松之三種主要成份。鋁合金經塑變後，由於內能增加及電氣性能衰退二者間交互作用，使得鋁合金EDI放電強度與塑變之對應曲線於25%塑變量後產生飽和現象；惟當頻率由420Hz調高至820Hz時，此種飽和現象即告消失，EDI放電強度與塑變量間呈現線性正比關係。此部份之實驗結果顯示，若能適當選定分析變數之範圍及／或區域、及設定適合之實驗參數的話，EDI技術將可用於檢測及評估材料表層及次表層性質之改變。
於針對材料內部性質變化所做之實驗結果顯示；鋁合金之EDI放電強度與氫含量間呈現線性正比關係；碳鋼則由於組織結構影響，EDI放電強度與其氫含量之對應曲線中呈現二種不同比例常數。惟碳鋼之氫影響區面積與氫含量間則祗呈單一線性比例關係。殘留沃斯田鐵分解成片狀雪明碳鐵為導致低溫回火脆性之主因，此微觀結構變化雖無法反應於硬度變化，卻會反應在EDI放電強度之上。1045中碳鋼淬火／回火處理後之硬度值與EDI影像之高亮度區面積百分比間具有良好線性關係。由以上實驗結果顯示，可應用EDI原理發展一套可攜帶式儀器，以進行現場氫含量及微觀結構變化之非破壞性檢測評估工作。
以上各項實驗結果均顯示，在某一特定範圍內，各種材料性質變化量間與EDI影像特徵間具有線性正比關係。綜合上述實驗結果，藉由影像分析技術之輔助，電磁放電成像技術可用來從事材料之各種特性及微觀結構的非破壞性檢測評估工作。

Abstract
With the aid of imaging analysis methods, the Electromagnetic Discharge Imaging (EDI) technique is used as a nondestructive mean to evaluate the variations of materials properties in this research. Experiments were conducted to study the variations of EDI discharge images caused by the changes of surface and subsurface properties (the variation of the surface concentration of Chlorpyrifos of specimen, and the cold rolling plastic deformation of 6061 aluminum alloy), and the changes of internal properties (the variation of hydrogen content in metal, and the tempering property variation of the 1045 steel). By relating the changes of materials properties with the variations of EDI discharge images, a nondestructive method can be developed to determine the variation of properties occurred in the materials.
The experimental results associated with the changes of surface and subsurface properties showed that, the EDI discharge intensity increases with increasing Chlorpyrifos concentration up to 0.4% where a saturation limit is reached. Three characteristic gray levels were found in the gray-level distribution curve of EDI discharge image. These three characteristic gray levels can be used to rank concentration of Chlorpyrifos. For aluminum specimens, the EDI discharge intensity increases with increasing rolling ration up to 25%, and reaches a saturation limit. Further analysis show that, as the AC frequency increased, the discharge intensity becomes proportional to the increase of rolling ratio.
The experimental results associated with the changes of internal properties showed that, a linear relationship between the EDI discharge intensity and the hydrogen content in aluminum specimens is observed. Because the interaction between the beneficial and the adverse effects to the EDI discharge intensity caused by hydrogen atoms, the plot of the EDI discharge intensity as a function of hydrogen content comprises two straight lines of different slops for steel specimens. Further analysis show that a linear relationship between the hydrogen-affected zone and the hydrogen content in steel specimen can be obtained. These results indicate that the EDI technique can be used to determine the hydrogen content in metals through the analysis of EDI discharge images. A linear relationship between the hardness value and the high-brightness region of EDI image is observed for the quench/tempered 1045 carbon steels. The dissociation of the retained austenite to cementite and ferrite is the main reason of the TME. Such a microstructural variation is reflected on the change of EDI discharge intensity.
These experimental results showed that, within a specific range, a linear proportional relationship between the EDI discharge intensity and the changes of the materials properties is observed. Based on these results, it is concluded that the EDI technique, with the aid of imaging analysis methods, can be used to evaluate the variations of materials properties nondestructively.

封面
中文摘要
英文摘要
誌謝
目錄
圖索引
表索引
第一章 前言
第二章 文獻回顧
第三章 EDI理論及其影響參數3.1 EDI 基本原理(fundamentall theory of EDI)
3.2 影響DEI放電特性之參數 (influential parameters of EDI process)
3.3 塑變之影響 (effect of the plastic deformation)
3.4 氫原子擴散、捕集位置及其影響
3.5 回火微觀組織對放電強度之影響
3.6 影像處理
第四章 實驗裝置及方法
4.1 EDI裝置
4.2 實驗方法
4.3 EDI 影像拍攝
4.4 影像處理
第五章 實驗結果
5.1 表面陶斯松濃度評估
5.2 6061鋁合金塑變量檢測研究
5.3 金屬內部含氫量檢測
5.4 回火中碳鋼微觀結構及硬度之檢測
第六章 討論
6.1 材料表層與次表層性質改變之檢測與評估
6.2 材料內部性質改變之檢測與評估
第七章 結論
未來研究方向
參考文獻
附錄
作者簡介

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