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Twenty accessions of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.) and cauliflower (B. oleracea L. var. italica) were analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers with B. olercea var. alboglabra as an outgroup. Three hundred and ninety nine DNA markers were generated by thirty two oligonucleotide primers and three hundred and nine markers are polymorphic. Among them, seventy three markers are monomorphic to all the samples of cauliflower but polymorpic to the samples of broccoli ; sixteen markers are polymorphic to the samples of cauliflower but are monomorphic to the samples of broccoli; ninety six markers are polymorpic to the samples of cauliflower and broccoli; twenty three markers are specific only to the samples of cauliflower; one hundred and one markers are specific to the samples of broccoli. Using cluster analyses based on three different methods (UPGMA, NJ and Maximum parsimony), twenty accessions can be divided into two groups with one belonging to cauliflower and the other belonging to broccoli. Phylogenetic relationship was clearly correlated to morphological difference. However, some accession of broccoli was showed to have greater genetic distance to other accessions of broccoli than to some accessions of cauliflower. Also, at least 10 molecular markers which may be linked to special characteristic of heat tolerance of an F1 broccoli were found. Some selected molecular markers were analyzed in the progenies of backcross between this F1 and its female paren
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