臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
本研究選定在有人為活動干擾的遊憩區－奧萬大森林遊樂區及惠蓀林場設置53個樣區，每個樣區大小為10x10平方公尺，記錄該樣區植物種類並量測在此範圍中胸高直徑大於5公分的樹木的胸高直徑、高度、數量，並將森林結構分為4層－第一喬木層、第二喬木層、灌木層及草本與地被植物層，計算各層覆蓋度。而鳥類的調查則以點估法記錄在該樣區半徑10公尺內所目擊及聽見的種類與個數，每個點於不同日期及時段共調查3次。並將鳥類群聚的介量（鳥種歧異度與豐富度）與植群各種介量（第一喬木層覆蓋度、第二喬木層覆蓋度、灌木層覆蓋度、地被層覆蓋度、總覆蓋度、枝葉高度及層次的歧異度、喬木密度、優勢樹種優勢度、樹種歧異度、喬木種數及樣區內植物種數等11個介量），利用皮爾遜積差相關及複迴歸分析探討鳥類群聚與植群之間的相關性。
　　本研究結果顯示植物介量中與鳥種的歧異度呈正相關的有枝葉高度及層次的歧異度、樣區內植物種數以及灌木層覆蓋度；而第一喬木層覆蓋度與鳥種的歧異度呈負相關。在植物介量中與鳥種豐富度呈正相關的則有枝葉高度及層次的歧異度、樣區內植物種數及灌木層覆蓋度等三項。在直線迴歸分析中，有樣區內植物種數、枝葉高度及層次的歧異度等二個自變數可預測鳥種歧異度與豐富度。利用複迴歸中的逐步選擇法，自變數為植物介量11個原始值及其二次方與三次方等共33個變數，結果當鳥種歧異度為因變數時，有樣區內植物種數的平方值及第一喬木層覆蓋度的平方值在迴歸式中，而以鳥種豐富度為因變數時，則僅有樣區內植物種數的平方值在迴歸式中。
從研究結果發現，在遊憩區植栽設計與管理上，若要吸引較多的鳥種，則各演替階段的林相及多層次而鬱閉度不宜過高的配置方式並搭配各樣的鳥餌植物，在有廊道交錯串聯下的棲地，將是鳥類最好的棲所。

ABSTRACT
　　In this study we set 53 points in Auwanta and Huisonlinchang recreational areas in central Taiwan, each point 10 x10㎡. And within this area, we identified the plants and measured the tree’s DBH , number, height, and divided vegetation structure into four layers according to height , including canopy, second layer, bush and ground cover. And then surveyed each layer’s coverage percent. Based on this , we used Shannon’s index to figure out foliage height diversity and tree species diversity. So we could get 11 vegetational parameters, namely canopy coverage percent , second layer coverage percent , bush coverage percent, gruond cover coverage percent ,total coverage percent , foliage height diversity（FHD）, tree’s density, relative dominance, tree’s diversity, tree’s species number and plant species number. Bird censuses were carried out at each point three times at different time before 3 hours after sunrise on a sunny day. Birds were counted for 10 minutes at each point location,recording any visual or auditory contact within the radius of 10 meters. And bird’s richness and diversity could be got. To analyze the relations between vegetational parameters and avian parameters, we used Pearson’s correlation cofficient and multiple regression analysis.
The results showed that FHD, tree’s species number, bush coverage percent were positively correlated with bird’s diversity, but canopy coverage percent was negatively correlated with bird’s diversity. As for bird’s richness, FHD, tree’s species number and bush coverage percent were positively correlated with it. Linear regression analysis indicated that FHD entered the equation when bird’s richness was dependent, and tree’s species number also entered the equation when bird’s diversity was dependent. In multiple regression analysis we found that vegetational’s parameters including tree’s species number’s square and canopy coverage percent’s square could accounted for bird’s diversity, and that only tree’s species number’s square could accounted for bird’s richness.
This study showed the forest with all successional stages , multiple layers without over-closed canopy , bird’s bait plants and with corridors at the same time , would be the best habitat for the forest-dwelling birds. And it was also a good reference for the plantation and management of recreational areas.

目錄
第一章　緒論 1
第一節　研究動機與目的 2
第二節　研究範圍 2
第三節　研究流程 4
第二章　相關文獻探討 6
第一節　景觀因子 7
第二節　植群因子 10
第三章　研究地區現況 13
第一節　地形與氣候概況 13
第二節　植被概況 20
第三節　鳥類概況 24
第四章　研究方法 25
第一節　鳥類調查及族群介量計算25
第二節　植群調查及植群相關介量計算26
第三節　鳥類與植群統計分析 30
第五章　結果與討論 31
第一節　鳥類族群 31
第二節　植群 37
第三節　鳥類與植群之關係 45
第六章 結論與建議 56
參考文獻 61
附錄
附錄1　奧萬大森林遊樂區既有鳥種記錄名錄 68
附錄2　惠蓀林場既有鳥種記錄名錄 72
附錄3　鳥類調查記錄表 76
附錄4　植物調查記錄表 77
附錄5　奧萬大森林遊樂區及惠蓀林場調查期間記錄鳥種78
附錄6　奧萬大森林遊樂區樣區內植物名錄 81
附錄7　惠蓀林場樣區內植物名錄 89
附錄8　研究區中鳥種之覓食場所及食物來源 99
附錄9　樣區內鳥種生態分佈表 101

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