臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要目的在建立一套針對個案階層管理方式的剛性鋪面評估與維修智慧型諮詢系統。首先對於目前國內尚無統一標準化的剛性鋪面破壞調查方式，本研究採用國內外已認定之鋪面標準調查手冊，如美國鋪面長期績效評估（SHRP/LTPP）計劃等，配合國內如交通部所訂定之公路養護手冊等相關規定，建立一套適合於台灣區之剛性鋪面標準破壞調查手冊。此外，針對國內鋪面管理系統所採用的『路網階層』管理方式，需對龐大複雜的調查資料分析比對。本研究所採用『個案階層』管理方式的觀念，將路段利用『均質路段』分割方式，配合路段的的鋪面調查資料，不需龐大資料即可對鋪面個案作評估，使鋪面管理工作能確切落實執行。
本研究在此利用多項EXPEAR知識庫專家系統中的決策樹，並考慮國內需求加以修改，以評估國內接縫式混凝土鋪面破壞成因。研究中並選擇EXPEAR程式所使用的接縫式混凝土鋪面破壞預估模式，用以預估台灣本土的剛性鋪面在未維修情況下，未來20年的破壞狀況。最後綜合上述成果，撰寫成一套視窗化的『智慧型鋪面維修養護技術諮詢系統』程式雛形（Intelligent Consultant System for Pavement Maintenance And Rehabilitation Technologies, ICSMART）。本程式僅需利用鋪面個案的隨機抽樣破壞調查資料，不需以整體路網的資料即可評估鋪面的結構性與功能性。其中包括鋪面破壞的成因，預估鋪面在未維修情況下鋪面未來可能的破壞狀況，並針對鋪面需求建議做適當之物理性試驗。
對於主要維修技術、詳細維修策略、未來維修後績效之預估及維修成本分析選擇，研究仍在持續進行。這些都希望透過國內接縫式混凝土鋪面實際案例，以證實此研究的適用性。鋪面管理系統唯有透過此客觀、智慧型的電腦化系統，才能讓有限的公路維修經費做最有效的利用。

Portland cement concrete has gradually been recognized as an alternative pavement material in our highway pavement community due to its high rigidity and superior bearing capacity, which is more suitable for Taiwan''s dramatically increasing traffic loading as compared to conventional asphalt concrete. Since there exists no standardized evaluation procedure for jointed concrete (rigid) pavements in Taiwan''s Pavement Maintenance Management System (PMMS), this study first proposed a distress identification manual for rigid pavements based on the Long-Term Pavement Performance (SHRP/LTPP) definitions and domestic considerations.
Furthermore, the PMMS was originally developed under the ideal framework of total pavement management system, whereas the pavement network is defined by thousands of very short "fixed-length sections." After more than 10 years of system implementation, the PMMS can barely meet the needs for "network-level" as well as "project-level" management purposes till now due to extreme difficulties in the requirement of mass data collections and compilations. Thus, this study will focus on the study of intelligent consultant system for concrete pavement evaluation and rehabilitation - development of a prototype evaluation system using the concepts of "uniform sections", "project-level" management, as well as the integration of a computerized Knowledge-Base Expert System (KBES).
Many decision trees and prediction models for pavement structural and functional evaluation originally developed under the well-known EXPEAR program were obtained and modified according to domestic pavement performance and construction practices. Consequently, a prototype Intelligent Consultant System for Pavement Maintenance And Rehabilitation Technologies (ICSMART) program was developed with many Windows-based graphical user interfaces. The prototype system currently has the basic features of identification of pavement distresses and causes, evaluation of present condition; prediction of future condition prior to rehabilitation; and recommendation of needed physical testing based on the consideration of the existing distress characteristics of individual pavement section.
Continuous research effort is still underway to incorporate the selection of major rehabilitation techniques, the development of detailed rehabilitation strategy, prediction of future performance after rehabilitation, as well as cost analysis and the selection of preferred rehabilitation strategy alternatives into the prototype system. The applicability of this prototype system will be further validated through practical case studies of domestic jointed concrete pavement sections. It is strongly believed that the most objective, accurate, and efficient way in selecting most economical rehabilitation strategy alternatives can only be achieved through such a computerized intelligent consultant system so as to assure the best use of our limited resources for pavement rehabilitation.

第一章 緒論1
1-1研究緣起1
1-2 研究目的2
1-3 研究內容3
1-4 研究步驟與方法4
1-5 研究流程5
1-6 論文之組織架構6
第二章、文獻回顧7
2-1 剛性鋪面7
2-1-1 剛性鋪面之種類7
2-1-2 剛性鋪面破壞型態8
2-1-3剛性鋪面破壞原因9
2-2 鋪面調查儀器11
2-3鋪面服務能力指標12
2-4 國內鋪面養護管理系統16
2-5 國內外剛性鋪面評估諮詢系統19
2-5-1 美國加州鋪面管理系統20
2-5-2 剛性鋪面評估與維修系統21
2-5-3 剛性鋪面破壞整修管理系統22
2-6 鋪面現況評估與未來預測23
2-6-1現況評估23
2-6-2 未來預測23
2-7鋪面路段定義24
2-8 程式語言之選擇25
2-9 結論26
第三章 剛性鋪面調查與破壞原因探討28
3-1 接縫式混凝土鋪面破壞型態與成因28
3-1-1 縱向裂縫(Longitudinal Cracking)29
3-1-2 橫向裂縫(Transverse Cracking)31
3-1-3 角隅裂縫(Corner Cracking)或角隅斷裂(Corner Breaks)32
3-1-4 接縫剝落(Joints Spalling)35
3-1-5 接縫填縫料破壞(Joint Seal Damage)36
3-1-6 表面剝落(Scaling)38
3-1-7 龜裂(Map Cracking)39
3-1-8 粒料磨光(Polished Aggregate)40
3-1-9 車道-路肩分離(Lane-to-Shoulder Separation)41
3-1-10 唧水或噴泥現象(Water Bleeding and Pumping)42
3-1-11 隆起(Blowups)43
3-1-12 接縫斷層(或高差) (Joint Faulting)44
3-1-13 修補/修補損壞(Patching / Patch Deterioration)46
3-1-14其他破壞形式47
3-2 糙度48
3-2-1 糙度調查48
3-2-2 梅氏糙度指標49
3-2-3 國際糙度指標53
3-3 抗滑值54
3-4 鋪面狀況影響56
3-5 人工調查與自動調查方法比較57
3-5-1 資料收集過程59
3-5-2 調查限制60
3-5-3 調查資料比較60
3-5-4 結論61
第四章 專家知識及系統架構65
4-1 專家知識與決策65
4-2 系統開發軟體66
4-3 系統架構與決策流程67
4-3-1系統架構67
4-3-2決策流程68
4-3-3預估模式選擇86
第五章 智慧型評估諮詢系統建立91
5-1 VISUAL BASIC應用軟體程式92
5-2剛性鋪面智慧型評估諮詢系統與實例驗證93
5-2-1 智慧型鋪面維修養護技術諮詢系統程式雛形構建93
5-2-2 實例驗證95
第六章 結論與建議110
6-1 結論110
6-2 建議113
附錄A115
參考文獻121

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