臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來，結構主動控制應用於受地震力作用之土木結構，已被全世界廣泛的探討。本研究乃於台灣國家地震中心之振動台上，裝置一足尺三層樓房，且於第一層樓裝置主動斜撐裝置，以振動台試驗，來驗證主動控制應用於實體結構物之可行性。為了探討廣受討論之主動控制機構（例如：致動器）所產生的時間延遲問題，在控制器設計前之系統識別，乃考慮結構與控制機構間之互制效應，同時亦採用降階理論之平衡降階法以落實實際應用。控制器的設計是採用LQG理論，應用一動態輸出回饋方程式，以量測絕對加速度作為即時（On-Line）控制命令的計算，其控制目標在於同時降低樓房之層間位移量與絕對加速度。
本研究共設計五組LQG控制器，並於足尺主動斜撐樓房進行振動台模擬實驗，得到以下幾點結論：(1)結構與主動控制機構間確實有相當的互制效應的產生。(2)經由時間域與頻率域的分析發現，假若適當地選擇控制參數（權重參數），LQG控制器的確充分發揮其控制效果與強健性。(3)考慮結構與控制機構之互制效應之系統識別模型，經由理論模擬與實驗之比較，證明有不錯的準確度。因此本文最後可得到一總結，即是，使用主動控制於足尺房屋之應用過程中，若能考慮結構與控制機構間之互制效應，以量測加速度來作為回饋控制之主動控制方式，已經由振動台實驗驗證，證實其理論確實可行且獲得不錯的控制效果。

Recently, the application of active structural control to seismic-excited civil structures has been broadly investigated worldwide. To justify the applicability of active control to actual structures, a full-scale three-story building equipped with an active bracing device on the first floor was built on the shake table of National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) of Taiwan. To investigate the controversial issue of time delay due to active devices such as actuators, this paper takes into account the effect of Control-Structure-Interaction (CSI) in the system identification prior to the design of active controller. A state reduction method, the so-called balanced state reduction, is also presented to facilitate the implementation of active controllers. The advanced control strategy, Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) method, is used to achieve the control objective that is to reduce the interstory displacements and absolute accelerations of the building simultaneously. As such, a dynamic output feedback equation using the measurements of absolute accelerations as feedback quantities is formed for on-line computation of the control command.
Five sets of active controller were designed and implemented to the actively braced full-scale building and the experimental results by shaking table tests show that (i) the CSI effect in the building is significant, (ii) as observed by time domain and frequency domain analyses, the control performance of LQG controllers are quite effective and robust if appropriate control parameters (weighting parameters) are chosen, and (iii) comparing with the experimental results, the analytical model identified by taking the CSI effect into account can be used to simulate the structural responses reasonably well. Therefore, by considering the CSI effect, the applicability of active control using acceleration feedback to a full-scale building is verified successfully through shaking table tests and the performance is proved to be effective.

第一章導論1
1.1研究動機1
1.2文獻回顧3
1.3國家地震中心主動斜撐控制系統簡介5
1.3.1振動台簡介[25]5
1.3.2主動斜撐構件之介紹[24]6
1.4本文內容6
第二章系統識別8
2.1曲線擬合(CURVE-FITTING)[11]8
2.2控制典型式(CONTROLLABLE CANONICAL FORM)12
2.3結構物包含主動斜撐元件之系統識別16
第三章降階控制(REDUCED-ORDER CONTROL)21
3.1平衡狀態降階(BALANCED-STATE REDUCTION)22
第四章LINEAR QUADRATIC REGULATOR(LQR)理論28
4.1LQR最佳控制器理論推導28
第五章LINEAR QUADRATIC GAUSSIAN (LQG) 理論34
5.1控制器設計34
5.2卡氏重建器設計36
5.3動態輸出回饋方程式42
5.4離散化狀態方程式43
第六章實驗過程與結果比較48
6.1實驗儀器設備48
6.1.1振動台48
6.1.2足尺寸三層鋼架構48
6.1.3主動斜撐元件48
6.1.4感應計49
6.2實驗流程49
6.2.1無控實驗49
6.2.2系統識別實驗50
6.2.3降階系統61
6.2.4LQG控制實驗63
6.3實驗結果與數值模擬比較65
6.3.1LQG有控與無控狀態下在實驗值的比較65
6.3.2在有控狀態下數值模擬與實驗資料比較69
6.3.3綜合整理70
第七章結論與展望71

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