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研究生:徐志宏
研究生(外文):Jyh-Horng Shyu
論文名稱:多層濾料濾床過濾功能之研究
論文名稱(外文):Filtration Performance of Multimedia Filters
指導教授:康世芳康世芳引用關係
指導教授(外文):Shyh-Fang Kang
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:淡江大學
系所名稱:水資源及環境工程學系
學門:工程學門
學類:環境工程學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:1999
畢業學年度:87
語文別:中文
論文頁數:98
中文關鍵詞:過濾三層濾料雙層濾料濁度損失水頭陰離子性高分子
外文關鍵詞:filtrationtri-media filterdual-media filterturbidityhead-lossanionic polymer
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本研究採用無煙煤、石英砂與石榴石組成之多層濾料濾床,於板新淨水場進行實驗,引用板新淨水場一期與三期沉澱水為過濾進流水,以濾速、濾床構造、助濾劑添加為操作變數,探討多層濾料過濾特性。結果顯示三層濾料與雙層濾料在濾速150 m/日至300 m/日,進流水濁度低於5 NTU時,填充90 cm之三層濾料與雙層濾料於操作濾程的95 %時間內,均可得到0.1-0.2 NTU;但濾速300 m/日以上處理原水在5 NTU以上,三層濾料(無煙煤45 cm+石英砂40 cm+石榴石5 cm)能比雙層濾料(無煙煤45 cm+石英砂45 cm)較易維持過濾出流水在0.5 NTU以下的標準,並可得到較長的操作濾程。
濾層厚度為70 cm時,於濾速150 m/日至200 m/日處理濁度大於5 NTU之原水,三層濾料(無煙煤25 cm+石英砂40 cm+石榴石5 cm)較雙層濾料(無煙煤25 cm+石榴石 45cm)易得到較佳的過濾出流水水質。但濾速300 m/日以上,處理低於5 NTU以下原水時,三層濾料無需添加任何助濾劑;原水濁度在5 NTU以上時,三層濾料則需添加適量陰離子性高分子助濾劑,確保過濾出流水水質並延長濾程。
因應未來清水濁度標準在1-2 NTU以下,三層濾料雖可改善快濾單元性能,但仍需視原水濁度特性、快濾池設計限制,決定是否採用三層濾料改善濾床性能。若濾床設計90 cm之快濾池,採用雙層濾料便可得到適當的過濾出流水水質。而濾床設計在70 cm之快濾池,可採用以石榴石取代5 cm石英砂之三層濾料,於濾速150-300 m/日處理沉澱水低於5 NTU的原水,並能提供低於0.5 NTU以下之過濾出流水在濾程的95 %以上;而處理高於5 NTU之原水時,三層濾料適合在濾速200 m/日以下操作,而雙層濾料則有賴增添高分子助濾劑以增加濾床對濁度物質截留量。
In this study, the filed pilot experimenters were run with filter influent water which is the settling water of first phase engineering and third phase engineering of Ban-Sin water treatment plant. The multimedia filters consisted of anthracite, sand and garnet. These filters were operating at 150 m/d to 300 m/d. When the influent turbidity was below 5 NTU, the filter with 90 cm dual- and tri-media filter were both successfully attained 0.1-0.2 NTU effluent standard, using current pretreatment of the plant. When filter rate was above 300 m/d and the influent turbidity was above 5 NTU, the effluent turbidity of tri-media filter (anthracite 45 cm + sand 40 cm + garnet 5 cm) maintains below 0.5 NTU easily and the filter run of tri-media filter is longer than dual-media filter.
The turbidity of influent above 5 NTU was treated under the filter rate, which was between 150 m/d and 200 m/d. The effluent quality of tri-media filter (anthracite 25 cm + sand 40 cm + garnet 5 cm) was better than dual media filter (anthracite 25 cm + sand 45 cm). As this operation condition of tri-media filter was above 300 m/d, the filter must add anionic polymer to maintain the capability of filter.
Although the tri-media filters can improve the ability, but they still rely on the character of raw water and design of the filter. The turbidity of filtered water must be controlled under 1 or 2 NTU to fit the turbidity standard. If the design of filter is 90 cm, using the dual-media filter can reach the water quality. When the filter is design 70 cm and filter rate is between 150 m/d to 200 m/d, it can use tri-meida to handle filter influent turbidity below 5 NTU. The turbidity of filtered water is below 0.5 NTU in 95% filter time. As the turbidity of influent is over 5 NTU, tri-media filter of effluent water has good water quality under flow rate 200 m/d. As the same condition of the tri-media filter, a polymeric filter aid must be used in dual-media filter to ensure the capability of filter.
目 錄I
圖目錄III
表目錄V
第一章、前 言1
1.1研究背景1
1.2 研究目的3
第二章、文獻回顧4
2.1淨水過濾處理單元4
2.1.1過濾原理4
2.1.2化學混凝原理7
2.1.3過濾種類8
2.1.4過濾性能之影響因素11
2.2過濾能力評估指標15
2.2.1過濾能力係數15
2.2.2水中顆粒數及粒徑分析原理16
2.2.3顆粒計數及粒徑分析應用17
第三章、實驗材料與方法19
3.1板新淨水場第一期及第三期工程簡介19
3.1.1 板新第一期工程處理單元簡介19
3.1.2 板新第三期工程處理單元簡介20
3.2實驗材料24
3.2.1過濾模廠原水24
3.2.2濾料24
3.3實驗方法30
3.3.1過濾模廠操作方法30
3.3.2水質分析與儀器校正方法34
第四章 結果與討論38
4.1 多層濾料處理低濁度進流水之過濾性能38
4.1.1 三層濾料過濾性能之比較38
4.1.2 濾料構造對三層濾料過濾性能之影響44
4.1.3 濾速對三層濾料過濾性能之影響50
4.2 多層濾料處理中濁度進流水之過濾性能55
4.2.1 雙層濾料與三層濾料過濾性能之比較55
4.2.2 濾層構造與濾速對三層濾料性能之影響60
4.2.3高濾速對三層濾料性能之影響63
4.2.4 三層濾料處理三期沉澱水性能66
4.3厚度70 cm三層濾料處理板新三期沉澱水69
4.3.1 三層濾料應用於板新三期沉澱水69
4.3.2 助濾劑添加改善過濾性能評估74
4.4 三層濾料過濾能力綜合評估82
4.4.1 三層濾料過濾特性之評估82
4.4.2 三層濾料替代雙層濾料之可行性評估86
第五章 結 論91
參考文獻92
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