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研究生:江杏怡
研究生(外文):Hsing-yi Chiang
論文名稱:莎士比亞《李爾王》的禪意詮釋
論文名稱(外文):A Zen Reading of William Shakespeare's King Lear
指導教授:王名楷
指導教授(外文):Ming-kae Wang
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:淡江大學
系所名稱:西洋語文研究所
學門:人文學門
學類:外國語文學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:1999
畢業學年度:87
語文別:英文
論文頁數:87
中文關鍵詞:李爾王禪學開悟出離
外文關鍵詞:King LearZenEnlightenmentdetachment
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本論文著墨於《李爾王》與禪學的關聯。藉由此關聯之闡述,讀者能從禪的角度解讀劇本涵意,並引導讀者進入禪學的思想殿堂。
本論文分為三個章節︰第一章從禪學的觀點解釋人煩惱的原因,並分析其與《李爾王》劇中角色之關聯性。相似於佛學觀點,禪學指出導致人煩惱的內在因素,該劇中角色如李爾 (Lear)、葛謝思特(Gloucester)即是典型例子。第二章探討《李爾王》其他角色所具備與禪學精神吻合的智慧︰例如般若智。般若智揚棄文字的介入,強調直覺的重要性,是開悟後的智慧結晶。劇中失明後的葛謝思特(Gloucester)及愛德格(Edgar) 領悟到直覺的重要與智慧。般若智又包含空無的智慧。空無是一切事物的真理,是指一切事物將歸於空無。莎士比亞藉由在劇情始末巧妙的安排,指出空無之禪意,並反映出莎翁的開悟。在本章所例舉的角色迥然異於第一章中為煩惱而苦的角色;他們已揚棄導致人們煩惱的因素,正走在見心明性的智慧道上。第三章闡釋禪學中涅槃境與該劇的關聯。涅槃境是禪學的理想境界。人們若具足諸多出離俗世的智慧或能力,即可在「當下」達到涅槃境。劇中角色如愛德格 (Edgar)、可蒂莉兒(Cordelia)具有若干出離俗世的智慧。再者,涅槃境存在於每個「當下」。從該劇具備出離
智慧的角色中,讀者便能發現莎士比亞在刻劃該角色的每個「當下」,心境中的涅槃境。
根據本論文的分析,讀者大致能將《李爾王》劇中角色分作煩惱及開悟兩類。讀者在閱讀《李爾王》各角色煩惱的原因與開悟的智慧後,也能時時察覺自我煩惱的原因,並化煩惱為智慧,即是本論文的寫作動機。

The thesis reveals an intriguing relationship between Zen Buddhism and King Lear. Through the careful examination of this relationship, hopefully, the reader is led to decipher the Zen Buddhist meanings in King Lear.
The thesis begins with the Zen Buddhist explanation for the causes of human suffering, which could be applied in the behaviors of some characters in King Lear in Chapter One. Lear and Gloucester, for example, suffer for the causes and situate themselves in illusion. Unlike the deluded ones, the rest of the characters in King Lear are endowed with some elements of Zen Buddhist wisdom, such as prajna and the wisdom of emptiness in Chapter Two. After reading King Lear, we can feel that Shakespeare is enlightened by something similar to Zen Buddhist wisdom so that he can create the characters as wise as himself. Further, the ideal world of Nirvana is discussed in Chapter Three. When a person has achieved the necessary elements of detachment, he will be able to enter Nirvana right here and now. In King Lear, Edgar and Cordelia through their own suffering acquire some degree of detachment. As Shakespeare was creating the detached characters, he had surely come close to Nirvana. Hopefully through the concept of living for here and now, the reader is encouraged to use every moment in turning his or her suffering into wisdom. It is also one of the aims of this thesis.

CONTENTS
Introduction 1
CHAPTER ONE: THE WORLD OF ILLUSION 10
1. Lear and Gloucester’s Attachment to Form 10
2. Lear’s Self-Consciousness 17
3. Distinction and Dualism in King Lear 21
4. Edmund, Goneril and Regan’s Erroneous Pursuit of the Good
24
CHAPTER TWO: THE WORLD OF ENLIGHTENMENT 33
1. Self-Forgetfulness 34
2. Wisdom 36
3. Rejection of Words and Emphasis on Action 40
4. Edgar and Gloucester’s Enlightenment and Feeling 43
5. Calmness and Non-Dualism in Cordelia, Fool and Edgar 46
6. Emptiness in King Lear 50
CHAPTER THREE: DETACHMENT AND NIRVANA IN KING LEAR 58
1. Fool’s Detachment from Ignorance 58
2. Edgar’s Detachment from Lust 62
3. Detachment from the Condition of Cause-Effect 65
4. From Detachment to Buddhahood 68
5. The Here and Now 76
Conclusion 80
Works Cited 84

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