臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文主要討論以胺基系列之陽離子型水溶性聚電解質（Cationic polyelectrolytes）作為錯合劑。，輔助超過濾程序處理半鹽水與重金屬溶液，聚電解質選用聚乙烯亞胺（Poly（ethyleneine）；PEI），聚氯化己二烯二甲基胺（Poly（diallyl dimethylammnlium chloride ）；PDADMAC）和幾丁聚醣（Chitosan）。實驗中分別探討超過濾操作變數及聚電解質特性，對離子去除率、透過率及薄膜結垢之影響。
在本實驗中，以輔助一超過濾去除溶液中之陰、陽離子和重金屬離子，其離子濃度以毛細管電泳儀分析，而聚合物的量以總有機碳分析儀測定，由實驗結果得知陽離子去除率及總有機碳去除率有隨聚電解質分子量、濃度及pH值增大而增加，而透過液流速則相反。對多成分兩價離子競爭效應中則否。在半鹽水中陽離子最大去除率為70﹪（pH7），陰離子最大去除率為80﹪（pH2.5），而總有機碳去除率及透過率（JV/Jw）大於90﹪，在金屬溶液中pH>7時，Zn2+及Cu2+去除率皆大於80﹪，在多成分兩價離子競爭效應中，pH>8時Zn2+去除率大於80﹪，而Cu2+、Mg2+則不受pH值影響，去除率約在70~80﹪間。此外，由透過液的流速變化，可測得修正結垢指數（Modified fouling index；MFI），其中以幾丁聚醣結垢最嚴重，PDADMAC及PEI次之。
聚電解質再生，先利用酸化法處理再經超過濾程序，可達到很好的效果，而對聚電解質最終處理基本上以電解法可以有效的分離聚合物。

In this paper, three weakly basic polyelectrolytes were used as complexing agents to enhance ultrafiltration (UF) of brackish water and heavy metal-bearing solutions. The polyelectrolytes used were polyethyleneine (PEI), polydiallyl dimethylammnlium chloride (PDADMAC) and chitosan. The influence of operating parameters on ion rejection, flux, and membrane fouling was investigated.
It was shown that the cation rejection and the total organic carbon（TOC） rejection increased with increasing the molecular weight and concentration of polyelectrolytes, and pH. there was a reverse tendency for permeate flux. This was not the case for multiple divalent cation solutions . The experimental results showed that for brackish water the maximum rejection of cation was 70 % (pH 7), the maximum rejection of anion was 80 % (pH 2.5), and both the TOC rejection and permeate flux are greater than 90 %. For the metal solutions, at pH > 7, the rejection of Zn2+ and Cu2+ were both greater than 80 %. For multiple divalent cation conditions, at pH> 8, the rejection of Zn2+ was greater than 80 %, and those of Cu2+and Mg2+ were not affected by pH and was keep nearly constant within 70~80 %. Besides, the optimal condition can be obtained and the membrane fouling It was studied with the modified fouling index (MFI). It was showed that chitosan fouling was the most serious, the PDADMAC was the next. The regeneration of polyelectrolytes could be done by acidification. For final disposal of the polyelectrolytes, the electrolysis method could be applied to destory the polymers.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 XI
符號說明 XII
第一章 緒 論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 薄膜分離技術與發展 3
1.2.1 薄膜分離技術 3
1.2.2薄膜分離技術的發展 4
1.3 超過濾、微過濾和逆滲透法之比較 7
1.4本論文之研究目的 8
第二章 文獻回顧 11
2.1超過濾簡介 11
2.1.1 濃度極化(Concentration polarization) 11
2.1.2結垢(Fouling) 13
2.2影響超過濾流量之主要因素 14
2.3超過濾的膜組件 15
2.4超過濾的應用 16
2.5聚電解質錯合一超過濾法之簡介 19
2.6聚電解質 19
2.6.1聚電解質的種類 19
2.6.2聚電解質的選擇 24
2.7結垢理論模式 25
第三章 實驗部分 33
3.1 儀器與藥品 33
3.1.1 儀器部分 33
3.1.2藥品部分 34
3.2 實驗裝置 37
3.3 實驗方法與步驟 39
3.4 總有機碳分析儀（Total organic carbon analyzer） 41
3.5毛細管電泳儀（Capillary Electrophoresis；CE） 42
3.5.1儀器設備 43
3.5.2 毛細管潤濕及清洗程序 43
3.5.3 電泳儀操作條件 44
3.6 薄膜的清洗與保存 45
第四章 結果與討論 50
4.1純聚電解質溶液之去除率 50
4.2純聚電解質溶液與壓力之關係 55
4.3純聚電解質溶液濃度之影響 57
4.4聚電解質溶液分子量之影響 60
4.5聚電解質對半鹽水之陰、陽離子之去除率 63
4.6 鹽類金屬溶液之離子去除率 72
4.7兩價離子共存在聚電解質中之錯合效果 87
4.8 薄膜超過濾之結垢分析 88
4.9聚電解質之再生 97
4.10聚電解質之最終處理 106
第五章 結論 108
第六章 參考文獻 110
自傳 118

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