臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

液態離子交換媒反應在工業上的應用十分的廣泛，最為常見的就是一般的液-液萃取反應以及相間轉移觸媒反應；這兩種反應有著相同的好處與相同的壞處；好處在於其可重複使用的特性與操作上十分簡易，而壞處在於其存於液相中較不易回收。我們根據其易於操作的特性，將之應用於廢水中螯合金屬離子的回收，並探討以酸性離子交換媒做為試驗對象。
本論文旨在探討酸性液態離子交換媒反應對螯合劑存在時的效能影響為何；我們以二（2-乙基己基）磷酸（D2EHPA）做為此處的離子交換媒，煤油為其稀釋劑，而我們藉由改變pH值、D2EHPA的濃度、螯合劑的種類、β值、初始離子濃度以及溫度來對整個反應的效能來作探討。文中我們是以 這個通式作為金屬與D2EHPA在有機相中的複合物，利用質量平衡與Mathematica這個套裝軟體來計算反應中所生成的物種濃度，並由此帶入複合物的通式之中，找出複合物的型式並推導出反應平衡常數Keq，並以此做為反應機構的判定。
由實驗結果中，我們可以得知在不同的pH值下會有不同型式的複合物產生，且平衡常數就會隨著而改變；另外，使用不同的螯合劑，也會使得平衡常數改變；在此，我們將這些變數分別討論之。

The liquid ion-exchanger was used so usually in chemical process. The liquid-liquid extraction and phase transfer catalytic reaction were the most common types. These two kinds of reaction have the same advantages and the similar disadvantages；the advantages were that it can be reuse and easy to operate, the advantages was hard to recover in liquid phase. The acidic ion-exchanger was used here and was using in recovering the chelating metal in the industrial aqueous.
The affection of effective of chelates existing in acidic ion-exchange reaction was studied in this paper. Di（2-ethylhexyl）phosphate （D2EHPA）was used as ion-exchanger and kerosene was used as diluent. The effects of the pH values, the concentration of D2EHPA, the kinds of chelates , the b values, the concentration of metal ions, and the temperature on the ion-exchange equilibrium were studied. The equilibrium data were numerically analyzed by Mathematica 3.0 based on mass balance equations. It was shown that the ion-exchange reactions could be described by assuming the formation of metal complexes with the general composition . And using this formation to find the Keq, equilibrium constant, and to define the reaction mechanism.
By the results of the experiment, the equilibrium constants were gotton with the different pH values. And the operating conditions about different kinds of chelates of the experiment were discussed.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
符號說明 XI
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 螯合金屬的來源 2
1.3 為何使用液態離子交換媒反應方法 3
1.4 研究目的 4
第二章 文獻回顧 8
2.1 金屬離子的回收法 8
2.2 離子交換技術之簡介 10
2.2.1 離子交換技術之基本原理 11
2.2.2 離子交換技術之應用 12
2.3 液態離子交換媒之選擇與分類 13
2.5 D2EHPA之簡介 22
2.6 螯合劑之簡介 26
第三章 實驗部分 32
3.1實驗材料及儀器 32
3.1.1 材料 32
3.1.2 儀器 33
3.1.3 實驗裝置 33
3.2 實驗步驟及分析方法 34
3.2.1 離子交換平衡 34
3.2.2 D2EHPA之純化 36
3.2.3 不同螯合劑的影響 38
第四章 結果與討論 39
4.1銅離子交換平衡試驗 39
4.3 螯合劑的加入對效能的影響 49
4.4 pH值對效能的影響 79
4.4.1 pH值對反應的影響 79
4.4.2 螯合劑與pH值之間的關係 79
4.5 β值的影響 92
4.6 平衡常數Keq的探討 93
4.6.1 D2EHPA的反應平衡 93
4.6.2 離子交換媒反應的平衡 94
第五章 結論 101
第六章 參考文獻 103
自傳 110
附錄一 111

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