|
1.Bray, G.A. and York, D.A. (1979) Hypothalamic and genetic obesity in experimental animals: an automonic and endocrine hypothesis. Physiological Reviews, 59, 719-809. 2.Friedman, J.M. and Leibel, R.L. (1992) Tracking a weighty problem. Cell, 69, 2217-2220. 3.Zhang, Y., Proenca, R.., Marten, M., Barone, M., Leopold, D., and Freidman, J.M.,(1994)Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature, 372, 425-431. 4.Geffroy, S., Vos, P.D., Staels, B., Duban, B., Auwerx, J. and Martinville, B.D. (1995) Localization of the human ob gence (OBS) to chromosome 7q32 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Genomics, 28, 603-604. 5.Fawzi, A.B., Zhang, H., Van Heek, M.and Graziano, M.P. (1996) Purification of milligram quantities of human leptin from recobinant E. Coli. Hormone Metabdic Research, 28, 694-697. 6.Halaas, J.L., Gajiwala, K.S., Maffei, M., Cohen, S.L., Chait, B.T., Rabinowitz, D., Lallone R.L., Berley, S.K. and Friedman, J.M., (1995) . Weight-Reducing Effects of the Plasma Protein Encoded by the obese Gene. Science, 269, 543-546 7.Taraglia, L.A., Dembski, M., Weng, X., Deng, X.., Culpepper, J., Devos, R., Richards, G.J., Campfield, L.A., Clark, F.T., Deeds, J., Muir, C., Sanker, S., Moriarty, A., Moore, K.J., Smutko. J.S., Mays, G.G.,. Woolf, E.A., Monroe, C.A. and Tepper, R.I., (1995) Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor. OB-R. Cell, 83, 1263-1271. 8.Campgield, L.A., Smith, E.J., Guisez, J., Devos, R. and Burn, P., (1995) Recombinant Mouse OB Protein ; Evidence for a Peripheral Signal Linking Adiposity and Central Neural Networks. Science, 269, 546-549 9.Gray, G.A. and York, D.A. (1979) Hypothalamic and genetic obesity in experimental animals: an automoinc and endocrine hypothesis. Physiological Reviews, 59, 719-809. 10.Saladin, R., De Vos, P.D., Guerre-Millo, M., Leturgue, A., Girard, J., Staels, B. and Auwerx, J. (1995) Transient increase in obese gene expression after food intake or insulin administration. Nature, 337, 527-529. 11.MacDougald, O.A., Hwang, C.S., Fan, H. and Lane, M.D. (1995) Regulated expression of the obese gene product (leptin) in white adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 92, 9034-9037. 12.Pelleymounter M.A., Cullen, M.J., Baker, M.B., Hecht, R., Winters, D., Boone, T. and Collins, F.(1995)Effects of the obese Gene Product on Body Weight Regulation in ob/ob Mice. Science, 269, 540-542. 13.Chen, H., Charlat, O., Taraglia, L.A., Woolf, E.A., Weng, X.,. Ellis, S.J., Lakey, N.D., Culpepper, J., Moore, K.J., Breitbart. R.E., Duyk, G.M., Tepper, R.I. and Morgenserm,.J.P.(1996)Evidence that the diabetes gene encodes the leptin receptor: identification of a mutation in the leptin receptor gene in db/db mtce. Cell, 84, 491-495. 14.Lee, G.H., Proenca, R., Montez, J.M., Carroll, K.M., Darvlshzadeh, J.G., Lee, J.I. and Fredman, J.M.(1996) Abnormal splicing of the leptin receptor in diabetic mice. Nature, 379, 632-635. 15.Chua, Jr. S.C., Chung, W.K., Wu-Peng, X.S., Zhang, Y., Liu, S.M., Taraglia, L.A. and Leibel, R.L.(1996)Phenotypes of mouse diabetes and rat fatty due to mutations in the OB (leptin) receptor. Science, 271, 994-996. 16.Lee, G.H., Proenca, R., Montez, J.M., Carroll, K.M., Darvlshzadeh, J.G., Lee, K.I., and Fredman, J.M. (1996) Abnormal splicing of the leptin receptor in diabetic mice. Nature, 379, 632-635. 17.Considine, R.V., Considine, E.L., Williams, C.J., Nyce, M.R., Magosin, S.A.,. Bauer, J.L., Rogato, E.L., Colberg, J. and Care, J.F.(1996)Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans. N. Engl. J. Med, 334, 292-295. 18.Peiris, A., Sothmann, M., Hoffman, R., Wilson, C., Gustafson, A., Hennes, M. and Kisselbach, A., Ann.(1989)J. Med, 110, 867-872 19.Wing, R.R., Matthews, K.A., Kuller, L.H., Meilahn, E.N. and Plantinga, P.L.(1991)Weight gain at the time of menopause.Intern Med. 151, 97-102. 20.Pasquali, R., Asimirri, F., Labate, A.M., Tortelli, O., Pascal, G., Anconetani, B., Gatto, M.R., Flamia, R., Capelli, M. and Barbara, L.(1994)Body weight, fat distribution and the menopausal status in women. The VMH Collaborative Group. Intern. J. Obes. Rel. Metb. Disor, 18, 614-621. 21.Lapidus, L., Bengtsson, C., Larsson, B., Pennert, K., Rybo, E. and Sjostrom, L. (1984) Distribution of adipose tissue and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: a 12 year follow up of participants in the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden. BMJ, 289, 1257-1261. 22.Wing, R.R., Matthews, K.A., Kuller, L.H., Meilahn, E.N. and Plantinga, P.(1991)Waist to hip ratio in middle-aged women. Associations with behavioral and psychosocial factors and with changes in cardiovascular risk factors. Arterioscler. Thromb, 11, 1250-1257. 23.Hassager, C. and Christiansen, C. (1989). Estrogen / Gestagen Therapy Change Soft Tissue Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women. Metabolism, 38, 662-665. 24.Stampfer, M.J. and Golditz, G.A. (1991) Estrogen replacement therapy and coronary heart disease: a quantitative assessment of the eipdemiologic evidence. Prev. Med, 20, 47-63. 25.Shimomura, Y., Shimizu, H., Kobayashi, I. and Kobayashi, S. (1989) Importance of feeding time in pair-fed, ovariectomized rats. Phys. And Behav, 45, 1197-1200. 26.Shimizu, H., Shimomura, Y., Nakanishi, Y., Futawatari, T., Ohtani, K., Sato, N. and Mori M. (1997). Estrogen increases in vivo leptin production in rats and human sujects. J. Endocrinol, 154, 285-292. 27.Yoneda, M., Saito, S., Kimura, M., Yamada, M., Iida, M., Murakami, T., Irahara, M., Shima, K. and Aono, T. (1998) The influence of ovariectomy on ob gene expression in rats. Horm. Metab. Res, 30, 263-265. 28.Mannucci, E., Ognibene, A., Becorpi, A., Cremasco, F., Pellegrini, S., Ottanelli, S., Rizzello, S.M., Massi, G., Messeri, G. and Rotella, C.M. (1998) Relationship between leptin and oestrogens in healthy women. Eur. J. Endocrinol, 139, 198-201. 29.Paolisso, G., Rizzo, M.R., Mone, C.M., Tagliamonte, M.R, Gambardella A., Riondino, M., Carella, C., Varricchio, M. and D’onomo, F. (1998) Plasma sex hormones are significantly associated with plasma leptin concentration in healthy subjects. Clin. Endocrinol, (Oxf) 48, 291-297. 30.Frederich, R.C., Hamann, A., Anderson, S., Lollmann, B., Lowell, B.B. and Flier, J.S. (1995) Leptin levels reflect body lipid content in mice : evidence for diet-induced resistance to leptin action. Nature Med, 1, 1311-1314. 31.Lonnovist, F., Arner, P., Nordfors, L. and Schalling, M. (1995) Overexpression of the obese (ob) gene in adipose tissue of human obese subjects. Nature Med, 1, 950-953. 32.Maffei, M., Halaas, J., Ravussin, E., Pratiey, R.E., Lee, G.H., Zhang, Y., Fei, H., Kin, S., Lallone, R., Ranganatran, S., Kem, P.A. and Friedman, J.M. (1995) Leptin levels in human and rodent: measurement of plasma leptin and ob RNA in obese and weight-reduced subjects. Nature Med, 1, 1155-1161. 33.Zhang, Y., Proenca, R., Barone, M., Leopold, L. and Friedman, J.M.(1994) Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature, (Lond.) 372,425-432. 34.Lee, G.R., Proenca, J.M., Montez, K.M., Carroll, J.G., Darvlshzadeh, J.L., and Fredman, J.M. (1996)Abnormal splicing of the leptin receptor in diabetic mice. Nature, (Lond) 379, 632-635. 35.Weigle, D.S., Bukowski, T.R., Foster, D.C., Holderman, S., Kramer, J.M., Lasser, G., Lofton-Day, C.E., Prunkard, D.E., Raymond, C. and Kuijper, J.L.(1995) Recombinant ob protein reduces feeding and body weight in the ob/ob mouse. J. Clin. Invest, 96, 2065-2070. 36.Campfield, L.A., Smith, F.J., Gulsez, Y., Devos, R.and Burn, P. (1995) Mouse OB Protein: evidence for a peripheral signal linking adiopsity and central neural networks. Science, (Wash. DC) 269, 546-549. 37.Pelleymounter, M.A., Cullen, M.J., Baker, M.B., Hecht, R., Winters, D., Boone, T. and Collins, F. (1995) Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob/ob mice. Science, (Wash DC) 269, 540-543. 38.Halaas, J.L., Gajiwala, K.S., Maffel, M., Cohen, S.L., Chait, B.T., Rabinowitz, D., Lallone, R.L., Burley, S.K.and Friedman, J.M. (1995) Weight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene. Science, (Wash DC) 269, 543-546. 39.Wilding, J.P.H., Gilbey, S.G., Bailey, C.J., Batt, R.A.L., Williams, G., Ghatei, M.A. and Bloom, S.R.(1993)Increased neuropeptide-Y messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and decreased neurotensin mRNA in the hypothalamus of the obese (ob/ob)mouse. Endocrinology, 132, 1939-1944. 40.Chua, S.C., Brown, A.W., Kim, J., Hennessey, K.L., Leibel, R.L. and Hirsch, J.(1991) Food deprivation and hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression: effects of strain background and the diabetes mutation. Mol. Brain. Res, 11, 291-299. 41.Sanacora, G., ershaw, M.K., Finkelstein, J.A. and White, J.D.(1990) Increased hypothalamic content of preproneuropeptide Y mRNA in genetically obese Zucker rats and its regulation by food deprivation. Endocrinology, 127, 730-737. 42.Stephens, T.W., Bashinski, M., Bristow, P.K., Bue-Vallesky, J.M., Burgetti, S.G., Craft, C., Prater, J., Hoffman, J., Huang, H.M., Kriasticinas, A., Mackeltar, W., Rostack, P.R., Schoner, B., Smith. D., Tinarley, F.C., Zhang, X.Y. and Metman, M.(1995) The role of neuropeptide Y in the antiobesity action of the obese gene product. Nature, (Lond.) 377, 530-534. 43.Schwartz, M.W., Baskin, D.G., Bukowski, T.R., Kuijper, J.L., Foster, D., Lasser, G., Prunkard, D.E., Porte, D., Woods, S.C., Seeley, R.J. and Weigle, D.S.(1996)Specificity of leptin action on elevated blood glucose levels and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene expression in ob/ob mice. Diabetes, 45, 531-535. 44.Schwartz, M.W., Seeley, R.J., Campfield, L.A., Burn, P., Baskin, D. G.(1996)Identification of Targets of Leptin Action in Rat Hypothalamus. J.Clin Invest, 98, 1101-1106. 45.Frederich, R.C., Lollmann, B., Hamann, A., Napolitano-Rosen, A., Kahn, B.B., Lowell, B.B. and Flier, J.S.(1995)Expression of OB mRNA and its encoded protein in rodents. J. Clin. Invest, 96, 1658-1663. 46.Brady, L.S., Smith, M.A., Gold, P.W. and Herkenham, M.(1990) Altered expression of hypothalamic neuropeptide mRNA in food restricted and food-deprived rats. Neuroendocrinology, 52, 441-447. 47.Suemaru, S., Hashimoto, K., Hattori, T., Inoue, H., Kageyama, J. and Ota, Z.(1986)Starvation-induced changes in rat brain corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and pituitary-adrenocortical response. Life Sci, 39, 1161-1166. 48.Rothwell, N. (1989)Central Effects of CRF on metabolism and energy balance. Neurosci. Biobehav, Rev, 14, 263-271. 49.Arase, K., York, D.A., Shimizu, H., Shargil, N.S. and Bray, G.A.(1988)Effects of corticotropin releasing factor on food intake and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in rats. Am. J. Physiol, 255, E255-259. 50.Tartaglia, L.A.(1997)The leptin receptor. J Biol Chem, 272, 6093-6096. 51.Kishimoto, T., Taga, T., Akira, S.(1994) Cytokine signal transduction. Cell, 76, 253-262. 52.Tartaglia, L.A., Dembski, M., Weng, X., Deng, N., Culpepper, J., Devos, R., Richards, G.J., Campfield, L.A., Clark, F.T., Deeds, J., Muir, C., Sanker, S., Moriarty, A., Moore, K.J., Smutko, J.S., Mays, G.G., Woolf, E.A., Monroe, C.A., Tepper, R.I.(1995)Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB-R. Cell, 83, 1263-1271. 53.Vaisse, C., Halaas, J.L., Horvath, C.M., Damell, J.E., Jr, Stoffel, M., Friedman, J.M.(1996) Leptin activation of Stat3 in the hypothalamus of wild-type and ob/ob mice but not db/db mice. Nat Genet, 14, 95-97. 54.White, D.W., Kuropatwinski, K.K., Devos, R., Baumann, H., Tartaglia, L.A.(1997)Leptin receptor (OB-R) signaing: Cytoplasmic domain mutational analysis and evidence for receptor homo-oligomerization. J. Biol Chem, 272, 4065-4071. 55.Banks, W.A., Kastin, A.J., Huang, W., Jaspan, J.B., Maness, L.M.(1996)Leptin enters the brain by a saturable system indepndent of insulin. Peptides 17, 305-311. 56.Murakami, T., Yamashita, T., Iida, M., Kuwajima, M., Shima, K.(1997)A short form of leptin receptor performs signal transduction. Biochem Biophys RES Commun, 231, 26-29. 57.Pamela, A., Bennettp, K.L., Cecilia, K.I., C.A.F. Robinson, L.M.S., Carlsson, B.C.(1998)Differential expression and regulation of leptin receptor isoforms in the rat brain : Effects of fasting and Oestrogen: Neuroendocrinology; 67, 29-37. 58.Caro, J.F., Sinha, M.K., Kolaczynski, J.W., Zhang, P.L. and Considine, R.V. (1996) Leptin: The tale of an obesity gene. Diabetes, 45, 1455-1462. 59.Flier, J.S. Proc. (1997) Leptin expression and action: New experimental paradigms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, 94, 4242-4245. 60.Campdield, L.A., Smith, F.J. and Burn, P. Horm. (1996). The ob protein (leptin) pathway — A link between adipose tissue mass and central neural networks. Horm. Metab. Res, 28, 619-632. 61.Caro, J.F., Kolaczynski, J.W., Nyce, M.R., Ohannesian, J.P., Opentanova, I., Goldman, W.H., Lynn R.R., Zhang, P.L., Sinha, M.K. and Consudine, R.V., (1996) Decreased cerebrospinal-fluid/serum leptin ratio in obesity: a possible mechanism for leptin resistance. Lancet, 348, 159-161. 62.Schwartz, M.W., Peskind, E., Raskind, M., Boyko, E.J. and Porte, D. Jr. (1996) Cerebrospinal fluid leptin levels: Relationship to plasma levels and to adoposity in humans. Nat, Med, 2, 589-593. 63.Golden, P.L., Maccagnan, T.J. and Pardridge, W.M. (1997) Human blood-brain barrier leptin receptor: Binding and endocytosis in isolated human brain microvessels. J. Clin. Invest, 99, 14-18. 64.Tartaglia, L.A. (1997). The leptin receptor. Chem. J. Biol, 272, 6093-6096. 65.Bjorbaek, C., Elmquist, J.K., Michl, P., Ahima, R.S., Bueren, A., Mccall, A.L. and Flier, J.S., (1998). Expression of leptin receptor isoforms in rat brain microvessels. Endocrinology, 139, 3485-3491. 66.Bennett, P.A., Lindell, K., Karlsson, C., Robinson I.X., Carlsson L.M. and Carlsson, B. (1998) Differential expression and regulation of leptin receptor isoforms in the rat brain: Effects of fasting and oestrogen. Neuroendocrinology, 67, 29-36. 67.Murakami, T., Iida, M. and Shima K. Biochem. (1995) Dexamethasone regulates obese expression in isolated rat adipocytes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm, 214, 1260-1267. 68.Casabiell, X., Pineiro, V., Peino R., Lage M., Camina J., Gallego R., Vallejo, L.G., Dieguez, C. and Casanueva, F.F. (1998) Gender differences in both spontaneous and stimulated leptin secretion by human omental adipose tissue in vitro: dexamethasone and estradiol stimulate leptin release in women, but not in men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab, 83, 2149-2155. 69.Karlsson C., Lindell, K., Svensson, E., Bergh, C., Lind, P., Billig, H., Carlsson, L.M. and Carlsson B. (1997) Expression of Functional Leptin Receptors in the Human Ovary. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab, 82, 4414-4418. 70.Cioffi, J.A., Blerkom, J. Van, A.M., Shafer, A., Wittmer, S. and Snodgrass H.R. (1997) THE expression of leptin and its receptors in pre-ovulatory human follicles. Mol. Hum. Reprod, 3, 467-472. 71.Zamorano, P.L., Mahesh V.B., Sevilla, L.M., De, Chorich, L.P., Bhat G.K. and Brann, D.W. (1997) Expression and localization of the leptin receptor and neuroendocrine tissue of the rat. Neuroendocrinology, 65, 223-228. 72.Zachow, R.J. and Magoffin, D.A. (1997) Direct intraovarian effects of leptin: impairment of the synergist action of insulin-like growth factor I on follicle-stimulating hormone-dependent estrodiol-17 beta production by rat ovarian granulosa cells. Endocrinology, 138, 847-850.
|